Optimization in Process Parameters of Calcium Sulfate Whisker Modified Asphalt Using Response Surface Methodology
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TECHNICAL NOTE
Optimization in Process Parameters of Calcium Sulfate Whisker Modified Asphalt Using Response Surface Methodology Xiu‑shan Wang1 · Tao‑tao Fan2 Received: 10 May 2020 / Accepted: 11 November 2020 © Shiraz University 2020
Abstract To optimize the process parameters of calcium sulfate whisker (CSW) modified asphalt, the response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to determine the optimum values of process parameters. Three influence factors, stirring time, stirring temperature, and development temperature (i.e., the temperature set by the forced-air oven to stabilize the internal structure of the modified asphalt sample after stirring), were selected to determine the process of modification. Three performances including high-temperature performance, low-temperature performance, and deformation resistance relating to the service of asphalt were analyzed as responses by testing in the Box–Behnken model. The results showed that, within the scope of this study, the optimum process parameters were stirring time of 32 min, stirring temperature of 175 °C, and development temperature of 175 °C, which have reliable accuracy compared with actual experimental results. In addition, the effect of three process parameters on asphalt performances was also researched, and it was found that stirring time has a more significant influence on the softening point, penetration at 25 °C and ductility at 10 °C interacting with other two factors. Keywords Calcium sulfate whisker modified asphalt · Box–Behnken design response surface methodology · Process parameters · Physical performance
1 Introduction Asphalt pavement has the advantages of low cost, low noise, recyclable use and was widely used in road construction. Modification of the matrix asphalt can significantly improve the high temperature, low temperature, and fatigue resistance of the asphalt pavement and is an important means to extend its service life. Nowadays, more and more low-carbon environmental materials were used on the pavement engineering, such as reclaimed gypsum (Kotake and Sano 2018; Inazumi et al. 2016), waste rubber (Loderer et al. 2018), and fiber (Monketh et al. 2018). Calcium sulfate whisker (CSW), an inorganic fibrous single-crystal material, produced from gypsum, calcium salt, phosphogypsum, and flue gas desulfurization gypsum as raw materials (Tan and Dong 2017; Li et al. 2017). CSW is a low-cost and environmentally friendly material with the * Xiu‑shan Wang [email protected] 1
Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
School of Traffic and Transportation, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijia Zhuang, China
2
advantages of toughness, high strength, high-temperature resistance, and dispersion in production applications. It is widely used in composite materials (Yang et al. 2018; Dong et al. 2017), building materials (Sheng et al. 2017; Li et al. 2017), and fireproof materials (Yang et al. 2017, Yang et al. 2018). In the pavement engineering, a few of studies investigated that the addition of CSW has the significant influen
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