Optimization in Public Transportation Stop Location, Delay Managemen
Customer-Oriented Optimization in Public Transportation develops models, results and algorithms for optimizing public transportation from a customer-oriented point of view. The methods used are based on graph-theoretic approaches and integer programming.
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Optimization and Its Applications VOLUME 3 Managing Editor Panos M. Pardalos (University of Florida) Editor—Combinatorial Optimization Ding-Zhu Du (University of Texas at Dallas) Advisory Board J. Birge (University of Chicago) C.A. Floudas (Princeton University) F. Giannessi (University of Pisa) H.D. Sherali (Virginia Polytechnic and State University) T. Terlaky (McMaster University) Y. Ye (Stanford University)
Aims and Scope Optimization has been expanding in all directions at an astonishing rate during the last few decades. New algorithmic and theoretical techniques have been developed, the diffusion into other disciplines has proceeded at a rapid pace, and our knowledge of all aspects of the field has grown even more profound. At the same time, one of the most striking trends in optimization is the constantly increasing emphasis on the interdisciplinary nature of the field. Optimization has been a basic tool in all areas of applied mathematics, engineering, medicine, economics and other sciences. The series Springer Optimization and Its Applications publishes undergraduate and graduate textbooks, monographs and state-of-the-art expository works that focus on algorithms for solving optimization problems and also study applications involving such problems. Some of the topics covered include nonlinear optimization (convex and nonconvex), network flow problems, stochastic optimization, optimal control, discrete optimization, multi-objective programming, description of software packages, approximation techniques and heuristic approaches.
OPTIMIZATION IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION Stop Location, Delay Management and Tariff Zone Design in a Public Transportation Network
By ANITA SCHÖBEL Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
13
Library of Congress Control Number: 2006929191 ISBN-10: 0-387-32896-3
e-ISBN: 0-387-36643-1
ISBN-13: 978-0-387-32896-6
Printed on acid-free paper.
AMS Subject Classifications: 90B06, 90C10, 90C90, 90C27, 90B85 ¤ 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed in the United States of America. 987654321 springer.com
To my parents Helga and Volker Schumacher
Preface
Der Kunde ist K¨ onig. (German saying)
Public transportation plays an important role in most populated areas. Especially in metropolitan regions public transportation systems are widely used. But unfor
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