Optimization of free chlorine, electric and current efficiency in an electrochemical reactor for water disinfection purp
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Optimization of free chlorine, electric and current efficiency in an electrochemical reactor for water disinfection purposes by RSM Maziar Naderi 1,2
&
Simin Nasseri 1,3
Received: 18 April 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract This study surveys the possibility to optimally produce active chlorine from synthetic saline solutions using electrolysis by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Various operating parameters, such as sodium chloride concentration, electrical potential and electrolysis time were evaluated. Central composite design (CCD) was applied to determine the optimal experimental factors for chlorine production. The experimental design, statistical analysis of the data and optimization were performed using R 3.5.3 software. The results showed that the optimum value of electrical efficiency (42 mg Cl2/kj) was obtained at the electrical voltage of 15.73 V during 15.63 min in the presence of 63.42 g/l of sodium chloride. The optimum point for current efficiency was 38.40%, which was obtained at the electrical voltage of 10.76 V during 6.70 min in the presence of 34.65 g/l of sodium chloride. Moreover, generated active chlorine was optimized based on energy consumption, which was 77 mg/l for the energy consumption of 0.2 kWh/l at a current density of 2000 mA/cm2. The electrochemical production of the chlorine gas from saline or brine water can be extensively used for water disinfection. Keywords Electrical efficiency . Current efficiency . Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Introduction Disinfection is one of the main processes carried out in water treatment facilities. Various methods have been proposed for this purpose and many of these methods were used in Highlights • Without lowering pH to below 2 and using low-cost and available graphite electrodes, active chlorine was formed in significant amounts • The electrochemical production of free chlorine follows a first order model • The results of this study led to the construction of two portable devices producing chlorine gas for water disinfection Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-020-00551-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Simin Nasseri [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2
Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3
Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Health Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
numerous treatment plants around the world [1]. Chlorination has been the most commonly adopted disinfection process for the treatment of drinking water. Active chlorine can be produced during the electrolysis of saline or seawater [2]. The effect of this method on the disinfection of drinking water, swimming pool water and water cooling systems has been c
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