Optimization of Processing Condition of Nanocomposites According to the Structural Changes of Halloysite Nanotubes Under
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Optimization of Processing Condition of Nanocomposites According to the Structural Changes of Halloysite Nanotubes Under Impact Behavior YUN-HAE KIM, SOO-JEONG PARK, and ANTONIO NORIO NAKAGAITO In the present study, optimal dispersion conditions were developed to disperse nanocomposites containing halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and unsaturated polyester (UP) resin using ultrasonic dispersion method. Due to the presence of a substantial amount of water in HNTs, their properties depend on the operating temperature when dispersing. It is, therefore, important to understand the structural changes of HNTs that occur when changing the operating temperature. HNTs heat-treated at various temperatures have different structures and mechanical/chemical properties. Therefore, in this research, HNTs were treated at two temperatures, 773.15 K and 973.15 K (500 °C and 700 °C), and the correlation between UP resin and heat-treated HNTs was studied in detail. The quantities of HNTs were 0.5 and 1 wt pct, for the 773.15 K and 973.15 K (500 °C and 700 °C) heat treatment temperatures, respectively. The contents of HNTs were restricted in order to demonstrate the aggregation phenomenon. The dispersion was carried out by ultrasonication. All structural changes including dispersion behavior were examined by TEM. The mechanical properties were assessed by impact tests. The results showed that the high impact strength of the nanocomposite containing 1 wt pct of 973.15 K (700 °C) heat-treated HNT was superior. In other words, it can be said that the rheological property of the matrix resin depended on the quantities of HNTs and the heat treatment temperature. DOI: 10.1007/s11663-017-1014-9 Ó The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2017
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INTRODUCTION
NANOCOMPOSITES are materials that utilize nanoparticles as reinforcement on composite materials. A nanocomposite mainly comprises a polymer matrix and a particulate filler within the scope of a hundred nanometers. The nanoparticles have a spacious interfacial area compared with commonly used reinforcement.[1] The halloysite nanotube (HNT) is a naturally occurring layered silicate mineral comprising an aluminosilicate-layer in the form of nanotubes. The HNTs are odorless white nanoparticles with the chemical formula YUN-HAE KIM is with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan KS012, Republic of Korea. SOO-JEONG PARK is with the Department of Material Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan KS012, Republic of Korea. Contact e-mail: [email protected] ANTONIO NORIO NAKAGAITO is with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan. Manuscript submitted December 08, 2016. Article published online June 15, 2017. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
of H4Al2O9Si2Æ2H2O, and their use is more economical than other nanofillers such as carbon nanotubes.[2,3] Studies showed that HNTs as additives in a matrix could improve the mechanical properties of the
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