Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Rapid Resolution Analysis of Flavanols and Methylxanthines for the Qu
- PDF / 1,843,067 Bytes
- 11 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 70 Downloads / 177 Views
Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Rapid Resolution Analysis of Flavanols and Methylxanthines for the Quality Control of Cocoa-Derived Products Luis Carrillo-Hormaza 1 & Ana M. Ramírez 1 & Edison Osorio 1 & Andrés Gil 1
Received: 22 March 2016 / Accepted: 8 July 2016 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016
Abstract The aim of this study was to develop a rapid and reliable method to quantify cocoa methylxanthines, flavanol monomers, and its major procyanidins. To accomplish this goal, an ultrasound-assisted extraction process was optimized by response surface methodology. In addition, an improved separation of these compounds was carried out on a sub-2-μm particles column while employing a conventional highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) instrument. Our results show that the highest extraction yields are obtained by using a 66:44 (v/v) ethanol/water mixture and performing the extraction at least during 20 min. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of cocoa metabolites were achieved in less than 12 min. Moreover, the optimized analytical approach was fully validated and applied to the analysis of cocoa samples collected at five different processing stages. The results show that the approach developed herein significantly increased the extraction efficiency, reaching concentrations approximately 20 % higher than that of the official Association of Analytical Community (AOAC) method for the analysis of polyphenols in cocoa-based matrices.
Keywords Theobroma cacao metabolites . Method development . Quality control . Response surface methodology . Ultrasound-assisted extraction
* Andrés Gil [email protected] 1
Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 53 # 61-30 Lab 229, A.A. 1226, Medellín, Colombia
Introduction In the last years, the consumption of cocoa-related products has increased thanks to their contribution to a healthy diet (Belščak et al. 2009; Ellam and Williamson 2013), supported by the claim of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) of beneficial effects on the cardiovascular homeostasis with a regular consumption of cocoa flavanols (200 mg/day) (EFSA 2012). Although nowadays cocoa polyphenols, mainly flavanols (catechins, procyanidins, etc.), are the main target of several studies due to their biological effects (Ellam and Williamson 2013), other compounds including methylxanthines have shown relevance as quality, chemotaxonomic, and origin markers for cocoa-related products (Trognitz et al. 2013). The molecular differences between flavanols and methylxanthines create a challenging scenario to develop rapid, reliable, and straightforward analytical methods that must be addressed in order to homogenize the assessment of cocoa by-products. Reverse phase liquid chromatography carried out on C8- or C18-bonded silica columns coupled with UV detection remains the most widespread method for the determination of polyphenols in plants and food products (Risner 2008; Andres-Lacueva et al. 2008;
Data Loading...
