Optimized placement of virtualized resources for 5G services exploiting live migration
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Optimized placement of virtualized resources for 5G services exploiting live migration Nikolaos Gkatzios1 · Markos Anastasopoulos2 · Anna Tzanakaki1,2 · Dimitra Simeonidou2 Received: 12 December 2019 / Accepted: 14 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This paper focuses on a Centralized Radio Access Network solution adopting the concept of resource disaggregation. In this context, it proposes a heuristic suitable to optimally assign Base Band Unit processing functions in softwarized Radio Access Networks to different servers, taking into consideration their processing requirements with the aim to minimize the overall energy consumption. It also proposes the adoption of live migration of virtualized resources, in order to dynamically reallocate these functions to different servers that better match the continuously changing characteristics of 5G services, for increased energy efficiency purposes. The benefits associated with live migration are quantified through a series of experiments. Our results show a reduction of the number of switched-on servers through live migration that leads to a notable improvement in terms of resource and energy efficiency. Keywords RAN · BBU · Heuristic · Compute disaggregation · VM migration
1 Introduction The increased bandwidth, connectivity and mobility requirements associated with 5G have led to the densification of wireless access technologies and the introduction of very stringent requirements in Radio Access Networks (RANs). In these dense environments, distributed RAN solutions, co-location of Base Band Units (BBUs) and Radio Units (RUs) lead to a number of significant limitations such as increased capital expenditure (CaPex), operational expenditure (OpEx) and CO2 footprint. To increase infrastructure efficiency and address these challenges, Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RANs) have been proposed. In C-RAN, a centralized approach is adopted according to which a BBU pool located at the Central Unit (CU) is connected with a large number of distributed RUs. The RUs are responsible for the processing of all lower layer functions, whereas higher layer functions are handled at the CU [1]. In modern 5G implementations, CUs are equipped with compute resources
* Nikolaos Gkatzios [email protected] 1
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
HPN Group, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
2
comprising General Purpose Processors (GPPs), with different specifications that can be shared efficiently across a set of RUs. A fundamental architectural aspect in 5G networks is associated with the functional decomposition of the RAN internal protocol-layer stack and specifically with the exact set of functions that can be processed locally and remotely, at the RUs and the CU, respectively. This concept, also known as functional split, introduces several challenges in order to meet specific performance requirements including bandwidth, latency, complexity, integration capabilities and bac
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