Orange Rust Disease Progress in Different Plantation Cycles of Sugarcane in Cuba
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Orange Rust Disease Progress in Different Plantation Cycles of Sugarcane in Cuba Osmany de la C. Aday-Dı´az1 • Joaquı´n Montalva´n Delgado1 • Javier Delgado Padro´n1 • Yaquelin Puchades Izaguirre1 • Eida L. Rodrı´guez Lema1 • Isabel Alfonso Terry1
Received: 9 January 2020 / Accepted: 9 May 2020 Ó Society for Sugar Research & Promotion 2020
Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the time of planting and the most favorable months of the year for the development of sugarcane orange rust (caused by Puccinia kuehnii) in Cuba. During the 2016–2018 period, susceptible cultivar C01-227 was established in experimental plots in different months and years of planting. The orange rust was more severe in the plantations that were carried out from April to September, mainly in August and September, and lower in January, February and March. Infection and severity of the disease were favored with an average air temperature range between 20 and 24 °C, minimum of 14–18 °C and maximum below 30 °C, accompanied by relative humidity greater than 80%. Keywords Puccinia kuehnii Severity Favorable environment
Introduction Orange rust is a foliar disease of sugarcane caused by P. kuehnii (W. Kru¨ger) EJ Butler. It was considered of secondary importance, until it caused estimated losses of 150–210 million dollars in Australia (Magarey et al. 2001). Until 2000, it was restricted in 19 countries in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Later, it was dispersed to others from Asia, Oceania, Africa, Central America, the Caribbean and South America. Currently, it is present in 45 countries of the world (Aday-Dı´az et al. 2018; ProMED 2018; Hubert & Osmany de la C. Aday-Dı´az [email protected] 1
Instituto de Investigaciones de la Can˜a de Azu´car, Carretera CUJAE km 2 , Boyeros, C.P. 19390 La Habana, Cuba
et al. 2019). In Cuba, it was observed since the end of 2008 and officially reported by Pe´rez-Vicente et al. (2009). The genome of sugarcane is very complex; breeding for resistance to orange rust is a challenging and long process (Jackson 2018; Yang 2018). On the other hand, the adaptability of P. kuehnii can limit the durability of cultivar resistance (Sanjel et al. 2018). In Florida, USA, several cultivars that were resistant to orange rust in 2007 became susceptible to the disease within 3–5 years; this change in reaction to the disease was associated with the selection of new physiological races of P. kuehnii (Rott et al. 2016). In Cuba, the number of commercial cultivars infected by this pathogen amounts to 30; however, its distribution is classified as low prevalence (Aday-Dı´az et al. 2018). Growers carry out numerous activities aimed at helping the host evade the pathogen. Such activities include selecting proper planting dates (early or late) and sites and maintaining proper distances between fields. These practices increase the chances that the host will remain free of the pathogen or at least that it will go through its most susceptible stage before the pathogen reaches the host. The ma
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