Orchid epiphytes do not receive organic substances from living trees through fungi
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Orchid epiphytes do not receive organic substances from living trees through fungi Alen K. Eskov 1 & Elena Yu. Voronina 2 & Leho Tedersoo 3 & Alexey V. Tiunov 4,5 & Vu Manh 5 & Nikolay G. Prilepsky 2 & Violetta A. Antipina 1 & Tatiana G. Elumeeva 2 & Evgeny V. Abakumov 6 & Vladimir G. Onipchenko 2 Received: 25 April 2020 / Accepted: 11 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Numerous studies of terrestrial orchids have demonstrated widespread partial mycoheterotrophy, particularly the possibility of obtaining organic matter from surrounding trees through a common fungal network. Fungi are also widespread in epiphytic orchid roots, but there have been no attempts to determine if epiphytes accept organic matter from the living stems of their phorophytes. We hypothesise that such transfer does not exist because epiphytes and phorophytes harbour different fungal communities. To test this hypothesis, we tagged three short Randia sp. trees with 13C-enriched CO2 and examined 13C transfer from the phorophyte into the epiphytic orchids Grosourdya appendiculata, Dendrobium oligophyllum and Gastrochilus sp. in Cat Tien National Park, (South Vietnam, Cat Tien National Park, plot size approx. 1 ha). The coincidence of fungal sequences in the orchid roots and in the branches on which they grew was also examined. We did not detect 13C label moving from phorophytes to epiphytes. Using Illumina sequencing, 162 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected. The fungal communities were significantly different between the roots of epiphytes and branches of phorophytes, although no strict fungal specificity at the species level was found in either epiphytes or phorophytes. Keywords Orchid epiphytes . Mycorrhizal fungi . Partial mycoheterotrophy . Isotope analysis . Metabarcoding analysis
Introduction Epiphytes account for nearly 10% of the total biodiversity of vascular plants (Benzing 1990). Orchids dominate the Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-020-00980-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Alen K. Eskov [email protected] 1
Tzitzin Main Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Botanicheskaya ul., 117628 Moscow, Russia
2
Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
3
Department of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
4
Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninskij prosp., 119071 Moscow, Russia
5
The Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Scientific and Technological Centre, Southern Branch, 3 st. 3/2, district 10, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
6
Saint-Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
epiphytic group and in the initial stage of their development, they undergo fungal colonisation (Dearnaley 2007). Approximately 235 species of orchids are chlorophyll-free and thus completely depende
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