Organic Aquaculture Impacts and Future Developments
This book addresses, reviews and evaluates key themes in organic aquaculture and is set out to show how these relate to the challenges and bottlenecks for a responsible organic aquaculture production in Europe. The key themes reflect the main challenges f
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ganic Aquaculture Impacts and Future Developments
Organic Aquaculture
Giuseppe Lembo • Elena Mente Editors
Organic Aquaculture Impacts and Future Developments
Editors Giuseppe Lembo Stazione Sperimentale per lo Studio delle Risorse del Mare COISPA Tecnologia & Ricerca Bari, Italy
Elena Mente School of Agricultural Sciences University of Thessaly Volos, Greece
ISBN 978-3-030-05602-5 ISBN 978-3-030-05603-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05603-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2019933898 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Dedication of the first author To my beloved Nuccia Dedication of the second author To my nephew Konstantinos
Preface
Let food be the medicine and medicine be the food. (Hippocrates of Kos (460 B.C.–377 B.C.))
In 2015, world aquaculture production reached 106 million tonnes, while European aquaculture production reached 2.98 million tonnes of seafood, with a value over 11 billion USD (FAO, 2017). Although the world aquaculture production is still the fastest-growing food-producing sector in the world, the European one increased by about 136% in the last 10 years. Organic aquaculture represents 4.7% of the total EU aquaculture production, with six main species: salmon, trout, carp, sea bass, sea bream and mussels. In addition, organic aquaculture has experienced a significant increase in recent years. In 2015, compared to 2012, it grew by 24% for salmon, doubled for rainbow trout and tripled for sea bass and sea bream (EUMOFA, 2017). Positive increase has also been observed for shellfish (mussels, oysters). The main species produced under organic standards in 2015 were salmon, more than 16.000
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