Organic Heat Stabilizers for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): A Synergistic Behavior of Eugenol and Uracil Derivative
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JMEPEG DOI: 10.1007/s11665-017-2923-0
Organic Heat Stabilizers for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): A Synergistic Behavior of Eugenol and Uracil Derivative Aran Asawakosinchai, Chanchira Jubsilp, Phattarin Mora, and Sarawut Rimdusit (Submitted September 2, 2016; in revised form April 2, 2017) Recycling ability, mechanical, and thermal properties of PVC stabilized with organic heat stabilizers, i.e., uracil (DAU) and eugenol were investigated to substitute PVCs stabilized with commercial lead, Ca/Zn, and organic-based stabilizer for PVC pipe production. PVC stabilized with the DAU and the eugenol can be processable at 30 °C lower than that of the PVC stabilized with commercial heat stabilizers. The most remarkable short-term thermal stability belonged to the PVC stabilized with the DAU, and its original color can be maintained at least up to 3 processing cycles. Synergistic behavior in thermal stability of the PVC mixed with DAU and eugenol at mass ratios of 1.5:1.5 was observed. Mechanical properties of DAU- and eugenol-stabilized PVC were higher than the samples with other heat stabilizers. Glass transition temperature of the PVC stabilized with all heat stabilizers was determined to be 99 °C with the exception of the value of 89 °C for eugenol-stabilized PVC. Therefore, the DAU and the eugenol showed high potential to be used as an organic heat stabilizer for PVC because of their non-toxic and good heat resistance properties. Keywords
mechanical, polymers and plastics, recycle, static, thermal analysis
1. Introduction Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is the third-largest plastic-based material used for many applications followed by polyethylene and polypropylene. With the extraordinary possible variety of formulations, PVC can be produced to meet a broad spectrum of properties ranging from flexible to rigid forms (Ref 1-5). The rigid form of PVCs has broad acceptance and market growth in major PVC product applications, i.e., pipes due to their outstanding functional properties and their cost competitiveness (Ref 6). However, one major disadvantage of PVCs is decomposition during its processing producing hydrochloric acid gas (HCl) that in turn accelerates the thermal decomposition processes (Ref 7). The number of the conjugated double bonds or polyene sequences formed during the processes for PVCs causes the color change that presented by the level of color in the sample ranging from yellow, orange, red, brown, and black (Ref 3, 8, 9). The addition of heat stabilizer such as lead into PVCs during their processing plays an important role in improving the decomposition and in enhancing overall quality of the final PVC product (Ref 10). Although lead heat stabilizers reveal their high efficiency in PVC stabilization, they have limitation to be applied in PVCs due to their toxicity and the PVC industry has taken ownership to phase out the use of lead stabilizers in PVC by the end of 2015 (Ref 11). The Aran Asawakosinchai, Phattarin Mora, and Sarawut Rimdusit, Polymer Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Facul
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