Organic thermoelectric thin films with large p-type and n-type power factor
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Organic thermoelectric thin films with large p-type and n-type power factor Chungyeon Cho1,4,* , Yixuan Song2, Jui-Hung Hsu2, Choongho Yu1,2, Daniel L. Stevens3, and Jaime C. Grunlan1,2,3,* 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3123, USA Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-300, USA 3 Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA 4 Present address: Department of Carbon Convergence Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, South Korea 2
Received: 9 September 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 31 October 2020
P- and n-type thermoelectric (TE) materials were prepared by using a layer-bylayer method. Assembled nanocomposites displayed high TE properties. For the p-type nanocomposites, polyaniline (PANi)/graphene-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/PANi/carbon nanotubes (CNT)-PEDOT:PSS quadlayers (QL) were assembled by immersing a substrate alternately to aqueous solutions of these charged materials. Various concentrations of three types of CNT (single-walled, double-walled (DWNT), and multi-walled) and two different surface areas of graphene (300 and 750 m2 g-1) were investigated. The best QL films, assembled with graphene and DWNT, exhibit a power factor (PF = S2 r) of 3050 lW m-1 K-2 at room temperature, which is among the highest values for a fully organic material. In an effort to improve TE properties in n-type organic thin films, hydrazine is introduced to the films in which DWNT, stabilized by polyethylenimine (PEI), is alternately deposited with graphene, stabilized by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). After doping these films for 5 min with hydrazine, electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient significantly increase. An 80 DWNT-PEI/graphene-PVP bilayer film achieves a PF as high as 380 lW m-1 K-2 at room temperature, exhibiting a twofold improvement relative to that of un-doped films. In light of the growing interest in organic thermoelectric nanocomposites, this study provides an effective means to achieve high performance that will allow these unique materials to replace inorganic semiconductors in some applications.
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Springer Science+Business
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Handling Editor: Gregory Rutledge.
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05520-7
J Mater Sci
Introduction Ever-increasing global energy consumption due to rapid economic growth, and dependence on unsustainable fossil-fuel energy (87% of total energy consumption), has sparked interest in developing new sources of energy [1]. Energy supplies will need to double by 2050 in order to meet increasing demand [2]. Considering that about 15 terawatts of potential power are lost worldwide each year as unusable waste, thermoelectric (TE) technology could be a viable way of addressing today’s global energy need [3, 4]. TE materials have been getting more attentio
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