Origins of Japanese Wealth and Power Reconciling Confucianism and Ca

This book focuses on the trans-Meiji Restoration story of the ideological transformation that made modern capitalism possible in Japan. To illustrate this transformation, the book looks at four key architects of Meiji Japan's capitalist institutions: Okub

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Origins of Japanese Wealth and Power Reconciling Confucianism and Capitalism, 1830–1885 John H. Sagers

ORIGINS OF JAPANESE WEALTH AND POWER

© John H. Sagers, 2006. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2006 978-1-4039-7111-1 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2006 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-53276-6 ISBN 978-1-4039-8290-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781403982902 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sagers, John H. Origins of Japanese wealth and power : reconciling Confucianism and capitalism, 1830–1885 / John H. Sagers. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Japan—Economic conditions—19th century. 2. Japan—Economic policy—19th century. 3. Capitalism—Japan—Religious aspects— Confucianism—History—19th century. I. Title. HC462.6.S234 2005 338.952⬘009⬘034—dc22

2005046296

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: January 2006 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

For scholars, past, present, and future

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Contents

List of Illustrations

ix

Acknowledgments

xi

Notes on the Text

xiii

Introduction

1

1

Confucian Statecraft and Ideological Innovation

9

2

Confucian Moralism and Economic Realism in Satsuma

31

3

Shimazu Nariakira and Japan’s First Industrial Policy

53

4

Confucian and Capitalist Values in Conflict

73

5

Satsuma Leaders and Early Meiji Capitalist Institutions

91

6

Establishing a Firm Foundation for Economic Development

115

Conclusion

135

Notes

141

Glossary

157

Bibliography

163

Index

171

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List of Illustrations

Figures 1.1 2.1 2.2

Rice Price Fluctuation in Kumamoto Output of Satsuma’s Three Sugar Islands Satsuma’s Skyrocketing Debt

18 43 44

Table 2.1

The Shimazu Daimyo of Satsuma

38

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Acknowledgments

I

would like to thank Kenneth Pyle, Kozo Yamamura, James Palais, and Kent Guy whose sage wisdom guided this project as a dissertation at the University of Washington. In Japan, I am indebted to Igarashi Akio, Matsumoto Sannosuke, Mark Caprio, and the faculty and staff of Rikkyo University in Tokyo for their guidance and support. Thanks also to Steven Ericson, Katalin Ferber, Susan Hanley, Chalmers Johnson, Mark Metzler, Luke Roberts, my colleagues at Linfield C