Other Members of the SPM Family

In this chapter, some other members of the scanning probe microscopy family are briefly described. All probe microscopes are based upon probing tips, but some tips are rather different from standard STM tips. Methods such as scanning near-field optical mi

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Advanced Texts in Physics This program of advanced texts covers a broad spectrum of topics which are of current and emerging interest in physics. Each book provides a comprehensive and yet accessible introduction to a field at the forefront of modern research. As such, these texts are intended for senior undergraduate and graduate students at the MS and PhD level; however, research scientists seeking an introduction to particular areas of physics will also benefit from the titles in this collection.

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH

Physics and Astronomy

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Ernst Meyer Hans Josef Hug Roland Bennewitz

Scanning Probe Microscopy

The Lab on a Tip

With 117 Figures

i

Springer

Professor Dr. Ernst Meyer Professor Dr. Rans Josef Rug Dr. Roland Bennewitz Institute of Physics University of Basel Klingelbergstr. 82 4056 Basel Switzerland

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for. Meyer, E. (Ernst) Scanning probe microscopy / Meyer, Hug, Bennewitz. p.cm. - (Advanced texts in physics, ISSN 1439-2674) Indudes bibliographical references (p. ). ISBN 978-3-642-07737-1 ISBN 978-3-662-09801-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-09801-1 1. Scanning probe microscopy. 1. Hug, Hans J. (Hans Josef), 1964- . II. Bennewitz, Roland, 1967- . III. Title. IV. Series. QH212.S33M492003 502'.8'25-dc 2003053861

ISSN 1439-2674 ISBN 978-3-642-07737-1 This work is subject to copyright. AlI rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. http://www.springer.de © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2004 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2004 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

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SPIN 10570544

57/3141/tr

54321o

Preface

Two decades after its invention, scanning probe microscopy has become a widely used method in laboratories as diverse as industrial magnetic storage development or structural biology. Consequently, the community of users ranges from biologists and medical researchers to physicists and engineers, all of them exploiting the unrivalled resolution and pr