Other Modulation Techniques
This chapter describes modulation techniques for measuring the temperature derivative of electrical resistance, the thermopower, and the spectral absorptance. The use of temperature modulation provides important advantages; the main of these is the possib
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Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Yaakov Kraftmakher
Modulation Calorimetry Theory and Applications
With 196 Figures and 27 Tables
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Springer
Professor Dr. Yaakov Kraftmakher Bar-Han University Department of Physics 52900 Ramat Gan ISRAEL E-mail: [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-05922-3 ISBN 978-3-662-08814-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-08814-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2004102076 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks . Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its curr ent version, and permission for use must always be obta ined from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer-Verlag is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2004. Softcover reprint of the hardcover Ist edition 2004 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting and camera-ready copy by the author Cover design : design & production GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper
SPIN 10892962
57/3141/tr
5 4 32 10
Preface
Modulation calorimetry was invented by Orso Mario Corbino about one hundred years ago. Corbino developed the theory of modulation calorimetry and proposed two methods of measuring temperature oscillations in a wire sample through oscillations of its electrical resistance . Now the first method is known as the supplementary-current method, and the second one is known as the third-harmonic technique . Corbino's paper in Phys. Z. (1910) was entitled "Thermische Oszillationen wechselstromdurchflossener Lampen mit dtmnem Faden und daraus sich ergebende Gleichrichterwirkung infolge der Anwesenheit geradzahliger Oberschwingungen." This title reflects the technique employed in the measurements . Corbino's second paper, published a year later, was entitled "Periodische Widerstandsanderungen feiner Metallfaden, die durch Wechselstrome zum Gluhen gebracht werden, sowie Ableitung ihrer thermischen Eigenschaften bei hoher Temperatur." Modulation calorimetry and other methods based on periodically varying the temperature of the sample provide all advantages peculiar to modulation techniques. The excellent temperature resolution and sensitivity are very attractive, and in some cases this method is the best technique for measuring specific heat. The idea of modulation calorimetry occurred to the present author when designing a high-temperature dilatometer. The
