Overhead Power Lines Planning, Design, Construction
The basic elements of overhead power line technology have been known for many years. However, this technology has continuously developed, for example, adjusting the design of the lines to new transmission needs and to available rights-of-way, and to accom
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Engineering
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hup://www.springer.de/engine/
E Kiessling· P. Nefzger· J.E Nolasco· U. Kaintzyk
Overhead Power Lines Planning, Design, Construction
With 402 Figures and 193 Tables
i
Springer
Dr.-Ing. Friedrich Kiessling
Dipl.-Ing. Peter Nefzger
RosenstraBe 18 91083 Baiersdorf Germany
Koenigsberger Weg 2 30966 Hemrningen Germany
E-mail: [email protected]
[email protected]
Dipl.-Ing. Joao Felix Nolasco
Dipl.-Ing. Ulf Kaintzyk
Rua Rodrigues Caldas 726/s905 30190-120 Belo Horizonte
Brasil
MG
SiemensAG Power Transmission and Distribution Paul-Gossen-StraBe 1 91052 Erlangen/Germany
E-mail: [email protected]
E-mail: [email protected]
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-05556-0 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-97879-1 Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek. Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution act under German Copyright Law. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York a member of BertelsmannSpringer Science+Business Media GmbH http://www.springer.de © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003
Softcover reprint of the hardcover lSt edition 2003 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Camera ready by authors Cover-design: deblik, Berlin 62/3020 hu - 5 43210 Printed on acid-free paper
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Foreword
It is a great honour to be asked by the authors to prepare a foreword to this book on overhead lines. Electricity has been used as a major energy source since the late 19th century. In 1891, three-phase alternating current transmission started, when a 175 km long line was commissioned to supply electricity to an international electrical engineering exhibition held in Frankfurt am Main (Germany). Since electric energy cannot be stored, generation in power plants and consumption need to be permanently balanced requiring powerful transmission systems. Such systems were installed in many parts of the world in the 20 th century utilising step by step rising voltages. The 110 kV voltage was used in Germany in 1912; lines adopting 220 kV were opened there in 1929; in 1952, 400 kV transm
