Overlooked biodiversity from museum collections: four new species and one new genus of Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Overlooked biodiversity from museum collections: four new species and one new genus of Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from Antarctica and adjacent regions with notes on multi-armed ophiuroids Masanori Okanishi 1
&
Christopher L. Mah 2
Received: 20 January 2020 / Revised: 23 April 2020 / Accepted: 29 April 2020 # Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung 2020
Abstract Four newly described species, Astrochlamys timoharai sp. nov. (Gorgonocephalidae Ljungman, 1867), Ophiosteira lissopatella sp. nov. (Ophiopyrgidae Perrier, 1893), Ophiophyllum umbonatum sp. nov. (Ophiopyrgidae), and Soliophis bakeri sp. nov. (Ophioscolecidae Lütken, 1869) with a description of Soliophis gen. nov., are reported from the Ross Sea and adjacent regions. New occurrence of Euvondrea floretta Fell, 1961a is also reported. These newly described taxa display unusual morphology with two species showing 10 or more arms. Although no evidence of brooding was present, two of the described species belong to genera with other Antarctic species that show brooding behavior. Collections from these areas remain important for new discoveries relevant to Antarctic biodiversity. Keywords Taxonomy . Brittle stars . Museum specimens
Introduction The Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) contains the largest number of species within the phylum Echinodermata and can be found in nearly all marine habitats (Stöhr et al. 2012a; Okanishi 2016). Multiple surveys since the nineteenth century have documented 220 species of ophiuroids from Antarctic and Subantarctic settings (Martín-Ledo and López-González 2014). Among these, 106 species are believed to be endemic to Subantarctic regions. In terms of diversity and biomass, the Ophiuroidea is considered to be an important group in the Subantarctic benthic settings (Martín-Ledo and López-González 2014). Large-scale This article is registered in ZooBank under http://zoobank.org/ 19551D36-887D-4D54-8E67-A520EE5807A5 Communicated by S. Stöhr * Masanori Okanishi [email protected] 1
Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 1024 Koajiro, Misaki, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan
2
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
phylogeographic analyses of ophiuroids has shown that their evolutionary rate in the Subantarctic deep waters (> 200 m) is among the most rapid in the world (O’Hara et al. 2019). Ophiuroids are among the vulnerable invertebrate megafauna which could be threatened by invasive durophagous predators, such as brachyuran and anomuran crabs (Aronson et al. 2014), as well as increased ocean acidification from a changing climate (McClintock et al. 2011). These challenges present powerful motivating factors to understand the rich diversity of ophiuroids in high-latitude settings. Martín-Ledo and López-González (2014) have summarized a history of ophiuroid exploration in the Antarctic and presented a comprehensive biogeographic and faunal overview. Multiple taxonomic a
