Palladium nanoparticles supported by alumina nanofibers synthesized by electrospinning
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Palladium nanoparticles supported by alumina nanofibers synthesized by electrospinning S.J. Park and S. Bhargava Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325
E.T. Bender Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325
G.G. Chasea) Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325
R.D. Ramsier Departments of Chemistry and Physics, and The Institute for Teaching and Learning, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325 (Received 11 July 2007; accepted 5 February 2008)
Palladium nanoparticles supported by alumina nanofibers have been successfully synthesized by electrospinning using palladium chloride incorporated into a solution of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and aluminum acetate. Palladium agglomerate sizes and the surface morphology of the electrospun nanofibers were determined by transmission electron microscopy. Palladium nanoparticles appeared to be well dispersed within the electrospun nanofiber structure. X-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman scattering spectroscopy techniques were used to identify the crystalline form and distinguish between oxidized and metallic palladium particles after heating and hydrogenation.
Metal oxide nanofibers are promising candidates as catalyst supports in heterogeneous catalytic reactions.1–5 Such fibers can be fabricated by electrospinning with polymer solutions followed by heating to produce composite fibers with diameters ranging from nanometers to micrometers.6–11 As a catalyst-support structure these materials can provide a means of constructing catalytic systems that are lightweight, efficient, thermally and chemically stable, and with large surface area.10 One of the noble metals, palladium, has strong catalytic activity for hydrogenation,3,11 oxidation,12,13 and hydrogenolysis reactions.14,15 For example, aluminasupported palladium catalysts have been used for simultaneous NO reduction and CO oxidation.16–18 The most commonly used method for preparation of supported palladium catalysts is by wet impregnation of commercial alumina particles.3,18 It has been shown that noble metal
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Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2008.0173 J. Mater. Res., Vol. 23, No. 5, May 2008
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nanoparticles can be deposited directly on carbon nanofibers by physical deposition from solutions,3 or they can be added to the polymer solution prior to electrospinning.10,11 For example, Pham-Huu et al.3 grew carbon nanofibers and coated them with palladium by wet impregnation. These composite materials show higher activity and chemoselectivity compared with commercial high surface area activated charcoal supported palladium catalysts for the hydrogenation of C⳱C bonds. The work reported here demonstrates a method by which palladium particles are directly incorporated into composite alumina nanofibers during electrospinning without the need for physical deposi
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