Parametric Investigation of Canyon Shape Effects on the Seismic Response of 3D Concrete Gravity Dam Model
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Parametric Investigation of Canyon Shape Effects on the Seismic Response of 3D Concrete Gravity Dam Model B. Nikkhakian . M. Alembagheri
. R. S. Shayan
Received: 7 November 2019 / Accepted: 11 July 2020 Ó Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In this study, the three-dimensional seismic response of Pine Flat concrete gravity dam is investigated. For this purpose, two- and three-dimensional nonlinear analyses are carried out based on the finite element method. The effects of canyon shape variation on the seismic response of the dam are evaluated, and different components of a seismic record are considered to assess the dominance of each earthquake component on the structural behavior. Two sources of nonlinearity are taken into account including material and geometric nonlinearities. As geometric nonlinearity, vertical contraction joints are considered within the dam body, and the results are compared with integrated models. It is concluded that stream component of earthquake record plays an important role on the crest displacement. Assuming two- and three-dimensional dam-reservoir-foundation coupled system may lead to partly different results. It is finally observed that, although utilizing contraction joints increases the amount of compressive stresses in the allowable range, but the tensile damages imposed to the dam body may encounter a significant decrease. B. Nikkhakian M. Alembagheri (&) R. S. Shayan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran e-mail: [email protected] M. Alembagheri Centre for Infrastructure Engineering, School of Engineering, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Keywords Concrete gravity dams Contraction joints Seismic response Nonlinear analysis Full dam model
1 Introduction Concrete gravity dams are the most widespread kind of concrete dams, which have been taken into consideration due to the simplicity of design and construction, as well as the fact that the appropriate shape of canyons for constructing gravity dams are more available rather than those for arch dams. However, the canyon shape has considerable effect on the seismic response of concrete dams mainly by changing the ratio of dam height to canyon width (Anooshehpoor and Brune 1989). The canyon shape is completely site-dependent. Since 1928, after collapse of St. Francis Dam in California (Begnudelli and Sanderss 2007), failure of large dams has attracted a lot of attention leading to extensive research in this field. Investigation of incidents that have occurred since then for various types of dams, emphasized the importance of this issue. Among the damaged concrete dams during seismic events, the following well-known cases can be mentioned (Hinks and Gosschalk 1993): Koyna gravity dam with a height of 103 m in India, 1967 (Chopra and Chakrabarti 1973), Hsingfengkinag buttress dam
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with a height of 105 m in China, 1962 (Ftima and Le´ger 2006), Pacoim
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