Parental and Family Factors Associated with Problematic Gaming and Problematic Internet Use in Adolescents: a Systematic
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TECHNOLOGY ADDICTION (J BILLIEUX, SECTION EDITOR)
Parental and Family Factors Associated with Problematic Gaming and Problematic Internet Use in Adolescents: a Systematic Literature Review Philip Nielsen 1 & Nicolas Favez 1 & Henk Rigter 2
# Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Some adolescents may develop problematic gaming (PG) or problematic Internet use (PIU). We reviewed the literature on associations between specific parental/family (PF) characteristics and adolescents’ PG and PIU. Recent Findings Increasingly, links are being reported between PF factors and PG and PIU. However, questions remain about the nature of the factors involved and the strength of their link with PG and PIU. We addressed these questions in the present review. Summary Our systematic literature search identified 27 research papers on PG and 73 on PIU and distinguished six categories of parental/family factors. For each category, PF factors were connected with both PG and PIU. The effect size was often small. Across categories, the protective factors (positive parenting and positive family dynamics) were associated with lower rates of PG and PIU and the risk factors (negative parenting and negative family dynamics) with higher rates. On average, the PF factors carried as much weight as intrapersonal characteristics of the adolescents. Keywords Adolescents . Problematic gaming . Problematic Internet use . Parenting style . Family attachment . Systematic literature review
Introduction The Internet is a rich resource for adolescents in many ways; it offers young people information and entertainment and allows them to learn skills, to have social contacts, and to express their feelings and opinions. Yet, some Internet-based activities may become problematic. One prominent example is online gaming, where people may get so hooked playing games that they lose sleep and real-world social contacts. They may want to play less but are unable to. Attending school may become irregular or
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Technology Addiction * Philip Nielsen [email protected] 1
Unité de psychologie clinique des relations interpersonnelles, FPSE, University of Geneva, Boulevard Pont-d’Arve 40, 1204 Geneva, Switzerland
2
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
may stop. Family relations and family life may become disrupted. Many researchers regard such symptoms as signs of Internet Gaming Disorder, or IGD [1, 2•, 3]; however, this diagnosis is still disputed. Opponents of the idea that gaming can develop into a disorder stress, the benefits of Internet use, and claim that labelling someone as gaming disordered would ‘medicalise’ vast numbers of young people [4]. DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) lists IGD under the heading ‘provisional’, meaning that more research needs to be done before the disorder can be taken for real or not. The World Health Organization is less hesitant and has accepted gamin
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