Parks and People in Postcolonial Societies Experiences in Southern A
Against the background of colonial and postcolonial experiences, this volume shows that power relations and stereotypes embedded in the original Western idea of a national park are a continuing reality of contemporary national and transnational parks. The
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The GeoJournal Library Volume 79 Managing Editor:
Max Barlow, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
Founding Series Editor: Wolf Tietze, Helmstedt, Germany
Editorial Board:
Paul Claval, France Yehuda Gradus, Israel Risto Laulajainen, Sweden Sam Ock Park, South Korea Herman van der Wusten, The Netherlands
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
Parks and People in Postcolonial Societies Experiences in Southern Africa
by
MAANO RAMUTSINDELA University of Cape Town, South Africa
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW
eBook ISBN: Print ISBN:
1-4020-2843-1 1-4020-2842-3
©2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.
Print ©2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht All rights reserved
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Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
vii
CHAPTER 1
Society-Nature Dualism and Human Gradation
1
CHAPTER 2
The Imprint of Imparkation in Southern Africa
18
CHAPTER 3
The Consequences of National Parks
38
CHAPTER 4
New Nations and Old Parks
55
CHAPTER 5
(Dis)Continuities: Property Regimes in Nature Conservation
76
CHAPTER 6
Searching for a People-Nature Matrix
91
CHAPTER 7
The Packaging of Community Benefits
106
CHAPTER 8
Transfrontier Parks: New Regimes and Old Practices
122
CHAPTER 9
Conclusion: Science and (Trans)National Parks
143
CHAPTER 10
Postscript: The Durban Accord and the Next Ten Years
153
REFERENCES
163
INDEX
174
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am extremely grateful to a number of people and institutions for the successful completion of this book project. Myriam Poort encouraged me to develop the theme of the book. Max Barlow’s comments on the initial proposal and his subsequent suggestions were helpful and challenging. He made me search for commonalities among non-western societies beyond my initial concern with people in southern Africa. I gained some knowledge of people and parks in southern Africa from individuals who generously shared their experiences with me. In Botswana, Deborah Kahatano, Joseph Mbaiwa, Sedia Modise and Joyce Bakane granted me interviews without hesitation. Staff at the library of the Department of Wildlife in Botswana and the Kalahari Society allowed me access to useful documents. I would not have had a glimpse of the dynamics of people and protected areas in Lesotho had it not been for Refiloe Ntsohi and Bokang Theko, who were more than willing to assist me with data collection in Lesotho. They also introduced me to their colleagues: the Director of Parks, Mosenya, J.M.M.; the Park Manager and the ranger at Sehlabathebe National Park, Nkuebe, A. and Lerotholi, T. respectively; Monyatsi Mohau, and to Teboho Maliehe of CMBSL project. I am thankful t
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