Partial molar volumes and size factor data for alloy constituents of stainless steel
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P A R T I A L m o l a r v o l u m e and s i z e f a c t o r d a t a a r e i m p o r t a n t in the c o n s i d e r a t i o n of p h e n o m e n a such a s s t r e s s g r a d i e n t e f f e c t s on diffusion 1'~ and the i n t e r a c tion b e t w e e n i m p u r i t i e s o r a l l o y c o n s t i t u e n t s and l a t t i c e d e f e c t s such a s d i s l o c a t i o n s 3 o r i r r a d i a t i o n induced point d e f e c t s . 4 Although such d a t a a r e abundant for binary alloy systems, 6 very little are available for c o m p l e x c o m m e r c i a l a l l o y s such a s s t a i n l e s s s t e e l . As p a r t of an e x p e r i m e n t a l p r o g r a m at HEDL to d e t e r m i n e the e f f e c t s of a l l o y i n g v a r i a t i o n s on the i r r a d i a tion induced p r o p e r t y c h a n g e s of s t a i n l e s s s t e e l , it was n e c e s s a r y to d e t e r m i n e d e n s i t i e s of a s e r i e s of s t e e l s p e c i m e n s with m i n o r a l l o y v a r i a t i o n s f r o m the n o m i nal c o m p o s i t i o n f o r Type 316 s t a i n l e s s s t e e l . Although size factor data are usually determined via lattice par a m e t e r m e a s u r e m e n t s , %6 the d e n s i t y d a t a w e r e found s u f f i c i e n t l y c o m p l e t e to allow c o m p u t a t i o n of p a r t i a l m o l a r v o l u m e s and s i z e f a c t o r s f o r a l l of the m a j o r c o m p o n e n t s in the s t e e l . E X P E R I M E N T A L DETAILS The e x p e r i m e n t a l a l l o y s w e r e v a c u u m m e l t e d f r o m v i r g i n m a t e r i a l s in the f o r m of 3 - i n . d i a m ingots weighing a p p r o x i m a t e l y 18 lb. A f t e r an h o m o g e n i z a t i o n anneal, t h e s e ingots w e r e hot f o r g e d to 1-in. sq b a r . The b a r s w e r e then cut to 4 - i t lengths and c h e m i c a l a n a l y s e s w e r e m a d e on s e c t i o n s r e m o v e d f r o m the 4 - i t l e n g t h s . The v a c u u m m e l t i n g , hot f o r g i n g , and c h e m i c a l a n a l y s e s w e r e p e r f o r m e d by the C a r p e n t e r T e c h n o l o g y L a b o r a t o r y in Reading, P e n n s y l v a n i a . O v e r c h e c k a n a l y s e s w e r e p e r f o r m e d b y Lukens Steel C o m p a n y on a p p r o x i m a t e l y o n e - t h i r d of the a l l o y s . A g r e e m e n t b e t w e e n the two a n a l y s e s was g e n e r a l l y e x c e l l e n t with the e x c e p t i o n of b o r o n and p h o s p h o r u s both of which a r e difficult to a n a l y z e f o r in the t r a c e a m o u n t s p r e s e n t . At HEDL, the b a r s w e r e m a c h i n e d to a p p r o x i m a t e l y 0.75 in. d i a m r o u n d s to r e m o v e s e a m s and s c a l e . T h e s e r o d s w e r e then f u r t h e r r e d u c e d to 0.375 in. d i a m by cold s w a g i n g and d r a w i n g with i n t e r m e d i a t e a n n e a l s (1925~ w a t e r J. L. STRAALSUND is Manager of the Mechanical Properties Section, and J. F. BATES is Research Engineer in the Damage Analysis Section, Materials Dep
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