Pathogenesis and Clinical Features
Noroviruses are among the most important causes of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide, accounting for approximately 18% of AGE cases and up to 213,000 AGE related deaths annually. Noroviruses affect persons of all ages, however young children suffer hi
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Norovirus
Norovirus
Nada M. Melhem Editor
Norovirus
Editor Nada M. Melhem Faculty of Health Sciences American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
ISBN 978-3-030-27208-1 ISBN 978-3-030-27209-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27209-8
(eBook)
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Preface
Norovirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. The overall annual global burden of disease caused by noroviruses was recently estimated at more than 677 million cases and 213,515 deaths. Importantly, the majority of mortality and morbidity cases are reported among children less than 5 years old. Norovirus infection causes sudden onset of vomiting, watery and non-bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, and malaise. An acute, self-limiting illness is usually reported among immunocompetent individuals, while severe disease outcomes are observed among immunocompromised individuals and elderly above 65 years of age. This book is subdivided into seven chapters presenting the current available data on the burden of disease caused by noroviruses (Chap. 1); virus structure (Chap. 2); viral diversity, evolution, and selective pressure (Chap. 3); pathogenesis and clinical features of noroviruses (Chap. 4); anti-norovirus drugs (Chap. 5); immune correlates of protection (Chap. 6); and the most recent advances in the development of norovirus vaccines (Chap. 7). Human noroviruses are estimated to result in $4.2 billion in direct costs and $60.3 billion in societal costs each year. Interestingly, high-income countries accounted for the highest estimated annual societal costs of disease ($34.7 billion) compared to low- and middle-income countries ($25.4 billion). Chapter 1 ad
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