Patterns of Seasonal Stability of Lake Phytoplankton Mediated by Resource and Grazer Control During Two Decades of Re-ol
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Patterns of Seasonal Stability of Lake Phytoplankton Mediated by Resource and Grazer Control During Two Decades of Re-oligotrophication ¨ zkan,2 Liselotter Sander Johansson,3 Hui Fu,1* Guixiang Yuan,1 Korhan O Martin Søndergaard,3,4 Torben L. Lauridsen,3,4 and Erik Jeppesen3,4,5 1 Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environments, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Mersin, Turkey; 3Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; 4Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; 5 Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
ABSTRACT Human-induced changes in external nutrient loading affect the phytoplankton community and abundance directly by changing the amount of nutrients available, but also indirectly through changes in the zooplankton (that is, grazer) community structure, mediated in part by changes in the fish community structure and biomass. Such shifts affect the species dynamics and community succession of lake phytoplankton communities, and they may ultimately influence community stability. However, the relative importance of different biotic mechanisms influencing the community stability of phytoplankton along nutrient and associated zooplankton grazing pressure gradients
Received 14 May 2020; accepted 24 August 2020
Electronic supplementary material: The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00557-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Authors contributions: HF and EJ conceived and designed the study. ¨ wrote the paper with contribution HF analyzed the data. HF, EJ and KO also from the other authors. *Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected]
remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the importance of four potential stabilizing biotic metrics—taxon richness, synchrony, community dominance and biomass of phytoplankton to the seasonal stability over two decades of re-oligotrophication in 20 Danish lakes. We found no clear temporal patterns in seasonal stability across lakes but considerable variations in the individual lakes. Total phosphorus (TP) affected the seasonal stability of the phytoplankton communities either directly or indirectly through changes in community dominance. Total nitrogen (TN) influenced the seasonal stability indirectly via changes in phytoplankton taxon richness, synchrony, and community dominance. Grazer richness (that is, zooplankton taxa richness) impacted the seasonal stability indirectly through changes in phytoplankton taxon richness and synchrony. Grazing pressure, using the biomass ratio of zooplankton:phytoplankton as a proxy, had an indirect effect on seasonal stability via changes in synchrony and com
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