Pearl and pitfalls in brain functional analysis by event-related potentials: a narrative review by the Italian Psychophy
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Pearl and pitfalls in brain functional analysis by event-related potentials: a narrative review by the Italian Psychophysiology and Cognitive Neuroscience Society on methodological limits and clinical reliability—part II Marina de Tommaso 1 & Viviana Betti 2,3 & Tommaso Bocci 4 & Nadia Bolognini 5,6 & Francesco Di Russo 7 & Francesco Fattapposta 8 & Raffaele Ferri 9 & Sara Invitto 10 & Giacomo Koch 3,11 & Carlo Miniussi 12,13 & Francesco Piccione 14 & Aldo Ragazzoni 15 & Ferdinando Sartucci 16,17 & Simone Rossi 18 & Massimiliano Valeriani 19,20 Received: 2 November 2019 / Accepted: 21 June 2020 # Fondazione Società Italiana di Neurologia 2020
Abstract This review focuses on new and/or less standardized event-related potentials methods, in order to improve their knowledge for future clinical applications. The olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) assess the olfactory functions in time domain, with potential utility in anosmia and degenerative diseases. The transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalography (TMSEEG) could support the investigation of the intracerebral connections with very high temporal discrimination. Its application in the diagnosis of disorders of consciousness has achieved recent confirmation. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and eventrelated fields (ERF) could improve spatial accuracy of scalp signals, with potential large application in pre-surgical study of epileptic patients. Although these techniques have methodological limits, such as high inter- and intraindividual variability and high costs, their diffusion among researchers and clinicians is hopeful, pending their standardization. Keywords Event-related potentials . Olfactory-evoked potentials . TMS-EEG . Event-related fields . Magnetoencephalography . Limits . Reliability . Clinical application
* Massimiliano Valeriani [email protected] 1
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INSPIRE - Laboratory of Cognitive and Psychophysiological Olfactory Processes, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Applied Neurophysiology and Pain Unit-AnpLab-University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
Neuroscience Department, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Center for Mind/Brain Sciences – CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Cognitive Neuroscience Section, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
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Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
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Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Fondazione PAS, Scandicci, Florence, Italy
Department of Psychology & NeuroMi, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Section of Neurophysiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Laboratory of Neuropsychology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico, Milan, Italy
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CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa, Italy
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Department of Medicine, S
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