Pedagogically Founded Courseware Generation for Web-Based Learning A

Automatic course generation is a very important area of research with numerous practical applications in e-learning. It has been studied since the 1980s within the fields of intelligent tutoring, AI and education, adaptive hypermedia and web-based educati

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Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science

5260

Carsten Ullrich

Pedagogically Founded Courseware Generation for Web-Based Learning An HTN-Planning-Based Approach Implemented in PAIGOS

13

Series Editors Randy Goebel, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Jörg Siekmann, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany Wolfgang Wahlster, DFKI and University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany Author Carsten Ullrich DFKI, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany E-mail: [email protected]

Library of Congress Control Number: 2008935889

CR Subject Classification (1998): I.2, H.3.5, H.5.3, K.3, H.5, I.7 LNCS Sublibrary: SL 7 – Artificial Intelligence ISSN ISBN-10 ISBN-13

0302-9743 3-540-88213-8 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York 978-3-540-88213-8 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2008 Printed in Germany Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversion by Markus Richter, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper SPIN: 12539321 06/3180 543210

This work is dedicated to Erica Melis and the ActiveMath research group.

Foreword

Automatic course generation is a very important problem with numerous practical applications in e-learning. Therefore, it has been studied since the 1980ies in the areas of intelligent tutoring, AI and education, adaptive hypermedia and Web-based educational systems. Many approaches have been proposed, but hardly any have resulted in generic and practically applied systems. There are many problems that have remained unresolved, for example: • • • • • •

Extracting from experts and representing pedagogical knowledge in a form suitable to guide instructional planning Deciding the level of granularity and appropriate pedagogical annotation of learning materials (objects) to allow for their reuse and retrieval; ensuring interoperability with different repositories of learning objects Balancing the pedagogical advantages of planning entire courses versus dynamically planning only the next step to ensure close adaptation to the individual student Allowing different degrees of involvement of the instructor and the learner in the planning process, rather than just “take it (the plan) or leave it” The limitation of having to focus on presenting single concepts imposed by the separation of content planning from presentation planning Ensuring smooth transition