Peptides in Colorectal Cancer: Current State of Knowledge
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Peptides in Colorectal Cancer: Current State of Knowledge Sara Avilés-Gaxiola 1 J. Basilio Heredia 1
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Erick P. Gutiérrez-Grijalva 2
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Josefina León-Felix 1
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Miguel A. Angulo-Escalante 1
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Accepted: 16 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most deadly and the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. CRC treatment is mainly based on surgery, chemotherapy, and even though the probability of complications after surgery is very low, chemo drugs affect the patient’s quality of life. Multiple studies have shown a strong correlation between diet and the onset and progression of CRC. Thus, the consumption of dietary nutraceuticals for its treatment and prevention has been suggested as a promising option. Peptides have increasingly become of interest in human health due to their antioxidant, antihypertensive, and anticancer potential. In recent years, there have been extensive reports on peptides with anti-tumor activity, and some studies suggest that peptides modulate cell proliferation, evasion of cell death, and metastasis in malignant cells. Plant-derived peptides such as soybean, bean, and rice have received main attention. In this review, we show evidence of several mechanisms through which bioactive peptides exert anti-tumor activity over in vitro and in vivo CRC models. We also report the current status of major production techniques, as well as limitations and future perspectives. Keywords Colorectal cancer . Bioactive peptides . Legumes . Cereals
Abbreviations BBTIs Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitors CDKs Cyclin-dependent kinases CDK2 Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 CRC Colorectal cancer GI Gastrointestinal
Introduction Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and currently responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths every year. According to the Global Cancer Observatory, the most common cancers are lung, breast, and colorectal. Colorectal cancer (CRC) caused an estimated of 862,000 deaths * J. Basilio Heredia [email protected] 1
Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Coordinación Culiacán, Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5 Col. Campo El Diez, CP 80110 Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
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Cátedras CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Coordinación Culiacán, Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5 Col. Campo El Diez, CP 80110 Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
worldwide in 2018 [1]. CRC treatment consists of surgery where the colorectal damaged fraction is removed; after this surgery, it is common that patients submit to adjuvant therapy like chemotherapy [2]. Chemotherapy indiscriminately attacks all rapidly dividing cells, causing adverse effects like infections, anemia, memory loss, heart disease, among others [2]. These side effects compromise the patient’s quality of life, so the development of new therapies and strategies for CRC treatment is essential. Various meta-analyses have reported an inverse association between the consumption of foods of plant origi
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