Perceived environment and physical activity: a meta-analysis of selected environmental characteristics
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BioMed Central
Open Access
Review
Perceived environment and physical activity: a meta-analysis of selected environmental characteristics Mitch J Duncan*1, John C Spence2 and W Kerry Mummery1 Address: 1School of Health & Human Performance, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia and 2Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Email: Mitch J Duncan* - [email protected]; John C Spence - [email protected]; W Kerry Mummery - [email protected] * Corresponding author
Published: 05 September 2005 International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2005, 2:11
doi:10.1186/1479-5868-2-11
Received: 21 February 2005 Accepted: 05 September 2005
This article is available from: http://www.ijbnpa.org/content/2/1/11 © 2005 Duncan et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract Background: Several narrative reviews have been conducted on the literature examining environmental correlates of physical activity (PA). To date these reviews have been unable to provide definitive summaries of observed associations. This study utilizes meta-analytical techniques to calculate summaries of associations between selected environmental characteristics and PA. Methods: Published studies were identified from electronic databases and searches of personal files. Studies were examined to determine the environmental constructs most frequently studied. Included studies (N = 16) examined at least one identified construct and determined associations between perceived environmental constructs and PA using logistic regression. Data were analyzed separately for crude and adjusted ORs using general-variance based fixed effect models. Results: No significant associations emerged between environmental characteristics and PA using crude OR. The perceived presence of PA facilities (OR 1.20, 95% 1.06–1.34), sidewalks (OR 1.23, 95% 1.13–1.32), shops and services (OR 1.30, 95% 1.14–1.46) and perceiving traffic not to be a problem (OR 1.22, 95% 1.08–1.37) were positively associated with activity using adjusted ORs. Variance in PA accounted for by significant associations ranged from 4% (heavy traffic not a problem) to 7% (presence of shops and services). Conclusion: Results of the meta-analysis support the relevance of perceived environmental characteristics for understanding population PA. These results should encourage the use of comprehensive ecological models that incorporate variables beyond basic demographic information.
Introduction The burden of disease attributable to physical inactivity is estimated at $377 million in Australia [1], $2.1 billion in Canada [2] and $24 billion in the U.S. [3], and continues to rise as large majorities of populations remain insufficiently active for health benefits. Resear
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