Performance Analysis of Dynamic Spectrum Allocation in Multi-Radio Heterogeneous Networks
In heterogeneous networks, multi-radio access technologies (RATs) can coexist for a variety of traffic demands and it is called multi-RAT network. Also, cognitive radio enable to use white space of frequency band, and thus spectrum resources can be dynami
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Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea {yongjaekim,ynhan}@kaist.ac.kr 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea [email protected]
Abstract. In heterogeneous networks, multi-radio access technologies (RATs) can coexist for a variety of traffic demands and it is called multi-RAT network. Also, cognitive radio enable to use white space of frequency band, and thus spectrum resources can be dynamically allocated. This paper analyzes an effect of multi-radio access (MRA) users, who simultaneously exploit multi-RATs, on network performance where dynamic spectrum allocation (DSA) is performed. Multi-dimensional Erlang loss (MDEL) model, which is based on queueing, is suitable to describe behaviors of single radio access users in multi-RAT networks under the performing DSA. Based on the MDEL model, extended MDEL model is proposed to investigate the effect of MRA users. As MRA users increase, blocking probability, utilization, and expected processing time of a user in the multi-RAT networks deteriorate, since the MRA users require multiple spectrum resources at a time. Numerical results verify the performance degradation resulted from the MRA users under the DSA and FSA scenarios. Keywords: Dynamic spectrum allocation · Heterogeneous networks Multi-radio access technology networks · Multi-radio access user
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Introduction
In heterogeneous networks (HetNets), users who exploit multi-radio access technologies (RATs) become widely common and many wireless applications for multi-RAT have been developed. Hence, spectrum scarcity is one of important issues in HetNets and many researches have been studied the scarcity problem. A large portion of allocated spectrum is used sporadically and the utilization of allocated spectrum has a geographical variation with a high variance in time [1]. Zhao et al. [2] show that the depletion of the spectrum is the result of current fixed spectrum allocation (FSA) policy rather than physical scarcity of frequency c ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2016 D. Noguet et al. (Eds.): CROWNCOM 2016, LNICST 172, pp. 154–165, 2016. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40352-6 13
Performance Analysis of Dynamic Spectrum Allocation
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bands. For compensation of underutilized spectrum, J. Mitola et al. [3] propose a concept of cognitive radio (CR). The CR enables user equipment to dynamically access the spectrum. This is known as dynamic spectrum access. Dynamic spectrum access is categorized as opportunistic spectrum access model, spectrum sharing model and dynamic exclusive use model [2,4,5]. Liang et al. [4] provide an overview on CR networking. They review physical, medium access control and network layer involved in a CR design. Zhang et al. [5] focus on spectrum sharing problem in the view point of convex optimization. Moreover, Kliks et al. [6] consider flexible pluralistic licensing concept for 5G wireless networks from spectrum sharing
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