Performance of Multiplierless FIR Filter Based on Directed Minimal Spanning Tree: A Comparative Study
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Performance of Multiplierless FIR Filter Based on Directed Minimal Spanning Tree: A Comparative Study N. Sajwan1 · I. Sharma2 · A. Kumar1 · L. K. Balyan1 Received: 19 June 2019 / Revised: 16 April 2020 / Accepted: 18 April 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This paper presents a novel low complex configuration methodology by deploying a directed minimal spanning tree (DMST) algorithm for designing digital multiplierless finite impulse response filter. This method utilizes the shift inclusive differential coefficient and common sub-expression elimination (CSE) technique to minimize the multiple constant multiplications using steepest decent approach. The attractive feature of this work lays on the detailed comparison of the cost, reconstruction error, pass-band and stop-band error by exploiting various evolutionary techniques such as cuckoo search algorithm, particle swarm optimization, artificial bee intelligence, hybrid swarm optimization and flower pollination algorithm; followed by employing hybrid SID and DMST on these techniques. For this purpose, a mean squared errorbased objective function is optimized in the pass-band and stop-band region of the filter. Further, a detailed comparison of hybrid SID and DMST with other existing CSE algorithms is also illustrated. It has been observed that up to 80% reduction in number of adders can be accomplished using the proposed DMST-based approach for multiplierless filter design. Keywords Multiplierless finite impulse response (FIR) filter · Canonical sign digit (CSD) · Word length (WL) · Common sub-expression elimination (CSE) · Shift inclusive differential coefficient (SIDC) · Directed minimum spanning tree (DMST) · Evolutionary techniques (ETs)
1 Introduction During the past few decades, the tremendous advancement in the various fields of science and engineering has been accomplished such as 5G mobile communication [23],
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I. Sharma [email protected]
Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing
telemetry and telemedicine [1], and wireless remote sensing [30], and still continues to grow at a faster pace. However, high expectations still reckon on these technologies in terms of improved quality services at reduced power levels and enhanced transmission speeds. In addition to power, there is also a need for faster data rates and better energy efficiency. To overcome the above stringent requirements, exploration is done on one of the most powerful tools that is digital signal processing (DSP). DSP aims to achieve high performance at low power dissipation levels and also provides design methods with low complexity, which leads to a smaller chip area and thereby reduced overall hardware implementation cost. FIR filters are extensively employed in many DSP systems due to stability and linear phase properties and find wide applications in various fields such as image enhancement [15], crossover filters, speech and video processing systems [34], and b
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