Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells: From Detailed Balance Limit Calculations to Photon Management
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REVIEW
Cite as Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11:58 Received: 26 April 2019 Accepted: 24 June 2019 © The Author(s) 2019
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-019-0287-8
Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells: From Detailed Balance Limit Calculations to Photon Management Mohammad I. Hossain1, Wayesh Qarony1, Sainan Ma1, Longhui Zeng1, Dietmar Knipp2 *, Yuen Hong Tsang1 * * Dietmar Knipp, [email protected]; Yuen Hong Tsang, [email protected] Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China 2 Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 1
HIGHLIGHTS • Thermodynamic and detailed balance calculations are provided to derive guideline for the optimization of perovskite solar cells. • The influence of photon management on the energy conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells is discussed. • An optimized solar cell design is proposed, which allows for realizing perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell with an energy conversion efficiency exceeding 32%.
ABSTRACT Energy conversion efficiency losses and limits of per-
ovskite/silicon tandem solar cells are investigated by detailed balance calculations and photon management. An extended Shockley–Queisser model is used to identify fundamental loss mechanisms and link the losses to the optics of solar cells. Photon management is used to minimize losses and maximize the energy conversion efficiency. The influence of photon management on the solar cell parameters of a perovskite single-junction solar cell and a perovskite/silicon solar cell is discussed in greater details. An optimized solar cell design of a perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell is presented, which allows for the realization of solar cells with energy conversion efficiencies exceeding 32%. KEYWORDS Perovskite solar cell; Tandem solar cell; Thermodynamic; Photon management; Detailed balance limit
1 Introduction Photovoltaic is the fastest growing energy source in the electricity sector. The cost for production, installation, and maintenance of photovoltaic systems has decreased dramatically throughout the last 10 years. Nevertheless, the technology is not the most widely used primary electrical energy source due
to the limited energy conversion efficiency and the system’s cost, which is still high compared to non-renewable energy sources [1–3]. Current commercial solar modules are predominately based on crystalline silicon single-junction solar cells. So far, laboratory solar cells with record energy conversion efficiencies of 26.3% have been demonstrated [4] while the upper theoretical energy conversion efficiency of a solar cell Vol.:(0123456789)
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with a bandgap of 1.15 eV (e.g., silicon) is ~ 33.5% [5]. Different approaches have been proposed to increase the energy conversion efficiency of solar cells or to overcome the limits of conventional single-junction solar cells by applying novel physical principles. Based on th
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