Persistence of Tuber melanosporum in truffle orchards in North Carolina, USA
- PDF / 288,050 Bytes
- 7 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 46 Downloads / 372 Views
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Persistence of Tuber melanosporum in truffle orchards in North Carolina, USA Inga Meadows 1
&
Kelly Gaskill 2 & Leonora Stefanile 2 & Suzette Sharpe 1 & Jeanine Davis 2
Received: 26 March 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A survey was conducted to determine the persistence of mycorrhization by Tuber melanosporum in truffle orchards established with European and American species of oak and common hazel trees in North Carolina. The trees had reportedly been inoculated and colonized by T. melanosporum prior to planting. Root samples were collected from 95 trees among seven orchards in 2015 and roots were analyzed by morphology and quantitative PCR. Samples that tested negative for T. melanosporum or where ectomycorrhizal morphology was not observed were analyzed by sequencing to identify the mycorrhizal fungal symbiont present. The presence of T. melanosporum was detected in all seven orchards. In six orchards, T. melanosporum was detected on all trees, but in only two of fifteen trees in one orchard. Other species of Tuber including T. brennemanii, T. canaliculatum, and T. lyonii, species of Scleroderma, and members of the Pezizales were also detected by sequence analysis. Sporocarps of T. aestivum and T. brumale were found in 2017 and 2018 in separate orchards in North Carolina after the survey was conducted. Overall, results indicate that T. melanosporum has persisted in truffle orchards sampled in North Carolina. Indigenous and contaminating fungal species, including Tuber species, were also detected and present a challenge to the truffle industry in North Carolina. Keywords European black winter truffle . Ectomycorrhizae . Tuber melanosporum . Tuber species
Introduction The European black winter truffle, also referred to as the black Périgord truffle and the French black truffle (Tuber melanosporum Vittad.), is one of the most valuable truffles in the world. It is a fungus that grows in an ectomycorrhizal association with host trees, including hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) (Palenzona 1969, Pinkas et al. 2000) and several species of Quercus (Boutekrapt et al. 1990; Chevalier and Grente 1979; Michaels 1982; Rahma 2013), producing an edible ascocarp (truffle). Tuber melanosporum is native to
* Inga Meadows [email protected] 1
Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Mountain Research Station, Waynesville, NC 28786, USA
2
Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Center, Mills River, NC 28759, USA
France, Italy, and Spain where it has been harvested from the wild for hundreds of years (Hall et al. 2007). As wild populations in Europe have declined (Hall et al. 2007) and culinary demand for the truffle has grown, T. melanosporum is now widely cultivated within and outside its native range including in Australia, Canada, Chile, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States (Chen et al. 2016; Reyna and G
Data Loading...
