Perspectives of the Reduction of Nutrient Export from River Watersheds through the Introduction of Best Available Techno
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ORATION OF THE VOLGA
Perspectives of the Reduction of Nutrient Export from River Watersheds through the Introduction of Best Available Technologies for Agricultural Production: Based on Modeling Results Sh. R. Pozdynakova, A. Yu. Briukhanovb, S. A. Kondrat’eva, *, N. V. Ignat’evaa, M. V. Shmakovaa, E. A. Minakovac, A. M. Rasulovaa, N. S. Oblomkovab, E. V. Vasil’evb, and A. V. Terekhova aInstitute
of Limnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 196105 Russia Institute for Engineering and Environmental Problems in Agricultural Production, Branch of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center (FSAC) VIM”, St. Petersburg, 196625 Russia c Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420012 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
b
Received January 9, 2020; revised March 18, 2020; accepted March 19, 2020
Abstract—Estimate is made for the possible reduction of nutrient export from the drainage basins of tributaries of the Kuibyshev Reservoir through the introduction of the best available technologies of agricultural production. The activity of more than eight hundreds of agricultural enterprises in the reservoir drainage basin was analyzed. Different types of underlying surface were classified with the use of space photographs. Mathematical simulation was used to calculate first the distributed agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus load onto the drainage basin and next the export of nutrients with river runoff into the reservoir either under current conditions or after the introduction of the best available technologies (BAT) to agricultural production. The simulations show that, under the conditions of medium water abundance, the total export from the drainage basins of the Sviyaga, Kazanka, Mesha, and Bol’shoi Cheremshan will decrease by about 367 t N/year and 12 t P/year after the introduction of BAT into the agricultural practice. The application of nitrogen and phosphorus into the soil as components of mineral and organic fertilizers in most administrative territories of the region under consideration was found to be less than the nutrient demand of agricultural crops, resulting in the gradual depletion of such elements in soils and a decrease in the risk of their migration into water bodies. Keywords: pilot drainage areas, nitrogen, phosphorus, distributed load, best available technologies DOI: 10.1134/S0097807820050164
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study, carried out under priority project “Preservation and Prevention of Volga Pollution,” is to evaluate the possible decrease in the export of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) from river drainage areas due to the introduction of best available technologies (BAT) to agricultural production as applied to different physical-geographic regions, types of underlying surface, and the diverse types of pollution sources in the tributaries of the Kuibyshev Reservoir. The problems solved to achieve this objective were as follows: (1) for the chosen pilot drainage areas, the sources of biogenic load of agricultural origin we
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