Perspectives on Exertional Rhabdomyolysis
- PDF / 546,526 Bytes
- 17 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 33 Downloads / 246 Views
REVIEW ARTICLE
Perspectives on Exertional Rhabdomyolysis Eric S. Rawson1 • Priscilla M. Clarkson2 • Mark A. Tarnopolsky3
Ó The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Abstract Exertional (exercise-induced) rhabdomyolysis is a potentially life threatening condition that has been the subject of research, intense discussion, and media attention. The causes of rhabdomyolysis are numerous and can include direct muscle injury, unaccustomed exercise, ischemia, extreme temperatures, electrolyte abnormalities, endocrinologic conditions, genetic disorders, autoimmune disorders, infections, drugs, toxins, and venoms. The objective of this article is to review the literature on exertional rhabdomyolysis, identify precipitating factors, and examine the role of the dietary supplement creatine monohydrate. PubMed and SPORTDiscus databases were searched using the terms rhabdomyolysis, muscle damage, creatine, creatine supplementation, creatine monohydrate, and phosphocreatine. Additionally, the references of papers identified through this search were examined for relevant studies. A meta-analysis was not performed. Although the prevalence of rhabdomyolysis is low, instances still occur where exercise is improperly prescribed or used as punishment, or incomplete medical history is taken, and
Dedication: Priscilla Clarkson passed away while this article was in preparation. She was an extraordinary scientist, mentor, and friend. This paper would not have been written without her inspiration. We dedicate this article to Priscilla. & Eric S. Rawson [email protected] 1
Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Science, Messiah College, One College Avenue Suite 4501, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055, USA
2
Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
3
Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
exertional rhabdomyolysis occurs. Creatine monohydrate does not appear to be a precipitating factor for exertional rhabdomyolysis. Healthcare professionals should be able to recognize the basic signs of exertional rhabdomyolysis so prompt treatment can be administered. For the risk of rhabdomyolysis to remain low, exercise testing and prescription must be properly conducted based on professional standards.
1 Introduction Exertional rhabdomyolysis continues to be reported in healthy and patient populations despite efforts from the medical and research communities to provide guidelines about this potentially life-threatening condition. As an example, in 2006, exertional rhabdomyolysis was reported in a 12-year-old student who was forced to do [250 squat jumps as punishment for talking in class [1]. While such troubling cases appear in the literature, the reports of group ‘‘outbreaks’’ of rhabdomyolysis are even more disconcerting. More than half of the McMinnville, Oregon, USA, high school football players who entered immersion camp in August of 2010 went to the hospital with rhabdomyolysis following intense unaccustomed exercise [2, 3]; 1
Data Loading...
