Phase diagrams in materials science
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Phase Diagrams in Materials Science
T.B. MASSALSKI
The Edward DeMille Campbell Memorial Lecture was established in 1926 as an annual lecture in memory o f and in recognition o f the outstanding scientific contributions to the metallurgical profession by a distinguished educator who was blind for all but two years o f his professional life. It recognizes demonstrated ability in metallurgical science and engineering. T.B. MASSALSKI is Professor of Metallurgical Engineering, Materials Science and Physics at Carnegie Mellon University. A native of Warsaw, Poland, he came to the United States in 1954, after receiving his B.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Birmingham in England. After a postdoctoral appointment at the University of Chicago and a brief faculty appointment at the University of Birmingham, he joined the Mellon Institute in Pittsburgh as Senior Fellow and later Research Director. He has held numerous Visiting Professorships and appointments including California Institute of Technology (1961), Stanford (1962), Oxford (1967), Harvard (1969), Krakow (1969), Buenos Aires (1971), National Bureau of Standards (1980), and the Navy Postgraduate School (1983). He received a D.Sc. degree from the University of Birmingham in 1964 and an honorary doctorate from the University of Warsaw in 1973. He is also a foreign member of the Polish Academy. Dr. Massalski is Fellow of ASM, APS, and the British Institutes of Physics and Metallurgists. He has given the Krumb lectures of A1ME, McDonald lecture (Canada), Cullity lecture (Notre Dame), and Hume-Rothery lecture (Oxford). In 1982, he received the Hume-Rothery award of AIME. He is coeditor of Progress in Materials Science together with Professor J.W. Christian and Professor P. Haasen; and he has been editor-in-chief (since 1980) of the Binary Phase Diagram Evaluations Program, sponsored by the ASM and NBS. In this capacity, he has been involved in numerous activities relating to research on phase diagrams, phase stability, and alloy structures. He is coauthor of several books, including a textbook with C.S. Barrett entitled Structure o f Metals, 3rd edition. He is editor of the proceedings of several meetings and symposia and author or coauthor of approximately 180 papers and review articles. His most recent research is on phase stability, metastable structures, and massive transformations. METALLURGICAL TRANSACTIONS B
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INTRODUCTION
THIS lecture commemorates the name of Edward DeMille Campbell, a most eminent ~merican metallurgist and a great teacher. Only recently have I learned that much of Professor Campbell's pioneering research and teaching was achieved after he had lost his eyesight. I feel most privileged and honored today to lecture in memory of a man who showed so much courage and determination in pursuing his profession. My first exposure to the field of phase diagrams was as a student of metallurgy at the University of Birmingham in England, shortly after World War II. At that time, almost all of us students and the majority of professors were ex
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