Phase Equilibria and Minor Element Distributions in Complex Copper/Slag/Matte Systems
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04326-x Ó 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
HIGH TEMPERATURE PROCESSING OF COMPLEX ORES
Phase Equilibria and Minor Element Distributions in Complex Copper/Slag/Matte Systems SVETLANA SINEVA ,1,4 MAKSYM SHEVCHENKO,1 DENIS SHISHIN,1 TAUFIQ HIDAYAT,2 JIANG CHEN,3 PETER C. HAYES,1 and EVGUENI JAK1 1.—Pyrometallurgy Innovation Centre (PYROSEARCH), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia. 2.—Metallurgical Engineering Department, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, West Java 40132, Indonesia. 3.—Centre for Advanced Microscopy, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia. 4.—e-mail: [email protected]
To address the increasing complexity of feed materials to pyrometallurgical processes, an integrated experimental and thermodynamic modeling research program is in progress to accurately characterize the multi-phase gas-slagmatte-speiss-metal-solids 17-component Cu/Pb-(Cu2O-PbO-ZnO-CaO-FeOFe2O3-SiO2)-(Al2O3-MgO)-S-(As-Bi-Sb-Sn-Ag-Au-Ni) system. New experimental data are used to continuously improve the thermodynamic database using FactSage. An example is provided on the slag-matte distributions of Bi, Pb, and Zn in equilibrium with tridymite in the Cu-Fe-O-S-Si system under copper smelting conditions. A closed system equilibration experimental technique with rapid quenching was used. Major element concentrations in phases were measured with electron probe x-ray microanalysis. A laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrum technique was used for determination of Bi, Pb, and Zn concentrations in slag. New experimental data contributed to the optimization of thermodynamic model parameters. Improved thermodynamic databases can be used to accurately predict the elemental distributions in multi-component systems; an example is given for the minor element distributions between slag and matte for industrial conditions.
INTRODUCTION The issues associated with the treatment of complex ores have long been important for pyrometallurgical processes. The complexity of feed streams has increased recently, not only from more impurities present in the primary ores, but also from the incorporation of secondary or recycled materials into the smelters’ process streams. The increasing levels of recycling of end-of-life materials in smelting operations means that the number of different elements present in these systems, the concentrations of these elements, and short-term variability are increasing. This has led to the need to adapt and (Received April 9, 2020; accepted August 6, 2020)
modify the existing process technologies, and to develop appropriate new technologies. These technologies and processes are required to be both efficient in terms of metal recovery and energy consumption, and flexible for the range of material compositions that can be processed. To meet these challenges, accurate experimental characterization and reliable predicting tools are needed for t
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