Phase-field study of the effects of the multi-controlling parameters on columnar dendrite during directional solidificat
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THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL E
Regular Article
Phase-field study of the effects of the multi-controlling parameters on columnar dendrite during directional solidification in hexagonal materials Yongbiao Wang1,a , Mingguang Wei1 , Xintian Liu1 , Cong Chen1 , Yujuan Wu2 , Liming Peng2 , and Long-Qing Chen3 1
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Henan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing of Mechanical Equipment, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA Received 25 December 2019 and Received in final form 7 May 2020 Published online: 2 July 2020 c EDP Sciences / Societ` a Italiana di Fisica / Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature, 2020 Abstract. The growth of hexagonal columnar dendrite during directional solidification with respect to the multi-controlling parameters such as anisotropy, cooling rate, temperature gradient and orientation angle were investigated by a quantitative phase-field method, respectively. The simulation results show that the increase of anisotropy, cooling rate and temperature gradient can accelerate the solidification velocity of columnar dendrites. Among them, the cooling rate has the most significant effect on the solidification velocity of columnar dendrite. In contrast, the solidification velocity of columnar dendrite slows down with the increase of the orientation angle. Meanwhile, the primary dendrite spacing decreases with the increase of cooling rates and temperature gradient, and the primary dendrite arms are smooth. The primary dendrite spacing increases with the increase of anisotropy and orientation angle, which provides space for the development of secondary dendrite arms. In addition, the effects of cooling rate and temperature gradient on the solid volume fraction were also studied.
1 Introduction Dendrites are common microstructures observed after the solidification of a melt. Their morphology, growth direction, distribution, and volume fraction have vital influences on the practical performances of materials [1,2]. For instance, the columnar dendrites obtained during directional solidification are closely linked to the tensile strength and the magnetic-electrical energy conversion efficiency of the materials [3–5]. These properties have practical significance for the production of magnetic materials, semiconductor materials and composite materials. The microevolution of a dendrite is dominated by many solidification parameters, such as temperature, orientation angle, and growth rate [6]. Therefore, to further study the growth evolution of columnar dendrites under different parameters is critical for the prediction, optimization, and design of material properties. Contribution to the Topical Issue on “Branching Dynamics at the Mesoscopic Scale” edited by Yongsheng Han, Hui Xing, Dongke Sun.
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