Phenological Research Methods for Environmental and Climate Change A
As climate change continues to dominate the international environmental agenda, phenology – the study of the timing of recurring biological events – has received increasing research attention, leading to an emerging consensus that phenology can be viewed
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Irene L. Hudson · Marie R. Keatley Editors
Phenological Research Methods for Environmental and Climate Change Analysis
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Editors Prof. Irene L. Hudson University of South Australia School of Mathematics & Statistics Adelaide VIC 5001 City West Campus Y3-74 Australia [email protected]
Dr. Marie R. Keatley Melbourne University Melbourne School of Land and Environment Department of Forest & Ecosystem Science Water St Creswick VIC 3363 Australia [email protected]
ISBN 978-90-481-3334-5 e-ISBN 978-90-481-3335-2 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-3335-2 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009935946 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover illustration: Eucalyptus leucoxylon “rosea”, Pink Flowered Yellow Gum. Photograph by Tim D. Fletcher. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
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Foreword
Nearly 6 years have passed since the publication of my edited book, Phenology: an integrative environmental science, in late 2003. During this time phenological research has continued to increase both in visibility and importance within the broader scientific community. For example, the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report stated that phenology “. . . is perhaps the simplest process in which to track changes in the ecology of species in response to climate change.” (IPCC 2007). Further, an initiative that has been a passion of mine for several decades has finally come to fruition over the past four years, namely the creation of a National Phenology Network in the United States (USA-NPN, which you can read more about in Chapter 2, Section 3.7). However, not surprisingly, despite these and many other notably advances, phenological science still faces a number of long-term challenges. Thus, I was extremely pleased to learn of the plans to develop this book, focusing on phenological research methods, and to accept Marie Keatley and Irene Hudson’s invitation to write this foreword, as it affords me an opportunity to briefly review these challenges in the context of this volume’s contributions. I see a three-fold set of major challenges facing phenology as we move forward in the coming decades: 1. broadening the methodological “tool kit” used in phenological studies; 2. expanding the scope of research questions addressed by phenology; and 3. expanding the depth, diversity, and geographic extent of in situ and remotely sensed phenological data collection, as well as integration of existing (and creation of new) n
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