Phenomenology of Numbers

The end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century marked a turning point in the way mathematicians approach their discipline. Even more than the attempts to refound the corpus on the basis of set theory, the successes of the axi

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Frédéric Patras

The Essence of Numbers

Lecture Notes in Mathematics History of Mathematics Subseries Volume 2278

Series Editor Patrick Popescu-Pampu, CNRS, UMR 8524 - Laboratoire Paul Painlevé, Université de Lille, Lille, France

Providing captivating insights into facets of the recent history of mathematics, the volumes in this subseries of LNM explore interesting developments of the past 200 years or so of research in this science. Their aim is to emphasize the evolution of its intellectual discourse, the emergence of new concepts and problems, the groundbreaking innovations, the human interactions, and the surrounding events that all contributed to weave the backdrop of today’s research and teaching in mathematics. These high-level and largely informal accounts will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in the mathematical sciences, in the history or the philosophy of mathematics, and to anyone who seeks to understand the historical growth of the discipline.

More information about this subseries at http://www.springer.com/series/8909

Frédéric Patras

The Essence of Numbers

Frédéric Patras CNRS Université Côte d’Azur Nice, France

ISSN 0075-8434 ISSN 1617-9692 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Mathematics ISSN 2193-1771 ISSN 2625-7157 (electronic) History of Mathematics Subseries ISBN 978-3-030-56699-9 ISBN 978-3-030-56700-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56700-2 Mathematics Subject Classification: 00A30, 03E10, 01A99, 03A05 Translation from the French language edition: La possibilité des nombres by Fréderic Patras, © Presses Universitaires de France 2014. Published by Presses Universitaires de France. All Rights Reserved. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint