Philosophy: Key Themes
Philosophy: Key Themes is a beginner's guide to understanding and critiquing philosophical arguments. Each chapter introduces one of the major themes in philosophy. Baggini's approach combines explanation with summary while encouraging the reader to quest
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Also by Julian Baggini and Gareth Southwell PHILOSOPHY: Key Texts
Also by Julian Baggini THE EGO TRICK SHOULD YOU JUDGE THIS BOOK BY ITS COVER? COMPLAINT DO THEY THINK YOU’RE STUPID? WELCOME TO EVERYTOWN THE PIG THAT WANTS TO BE EATEN WHAT’S IT ALL ABOUT? ATHEISM: A Very Short Introduction MAKING SENSE: Philosophy Behind The Headlines
Also by Gareth Southwell A BEGINNER’S GUIDE TO DESCARTES’S MEDITATIONS A BEGINNER’S GUIDE TO NIETZSCHE’S BEYOND GOOD AND EVIL WORDS OF WISDOM: Philosophy’s Most Important Quotations and Their Meanings
Philosophy: Key Themes Second edition Julian Baggini and Gareth Southwell
© Julian Baggini 2002 © Julian Baggini and Gareth Southwell 2012 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 2nd edition 2012 978-0-230-29663-3 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First edition published 2002 Second revised edition published 2012 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
ISBN 978-0-230-29664-0 ISBN 978-1-137-00887-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137008879 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12
Transferred to Digital Printing in 2013
Contents Preface to the Second Edition
viii
Acknowledgements
ix
Introduction Where do we start? Premises Forms of rational justification Critiquing arguments Beyond demolition Becoming a philosopher
1 1 2 3 6 8 9
1 Theory of Knowledge What is the theory of knowledge? Rationalism Empiricism Foundationalism The tripartite account of knowledge Against the tripartite account The natur
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