Philosophy, Psychology, and Psychologism Critical and Historical Rea

Philosophy, Psychology, and Psychologism presents a remarkable diversity of contemporary opinions on the prospects of addressing philosophical topics from a psychological perspective. It considers the history and philosophical merits of psychologism, and

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PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES SERIES VOLUME 91

Founded by Wilfrid S. Sellars and Keith Lehrer

Editor Keith Lehrer, University of Arizona, Tucson Associate Editor Stewart Cohen, Arizona State University, Tempe Board of Consulting Editors Lynne Rudder Baker, University of Massachusetts at Amherst Radu Bogdan, Tulane University, New Orleans Marian David, University of Notre Dame Allan Gibbard, University of Michigan Denise Meyerson, Macquarie University François Recanati, Institut Jean-Nicod, EHESS, Paris Stuart Silvers, Clemson University Barry Smith, State University of New York at Buffalo Nicholas D. Smith, Lewis & Clark College

The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.

PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND PSYCHOLOGISM Critical and Historical Readings on the Psychological Turn in Philosophy

Edited by

DALE JACQUETTE The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, U.S.A.

KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW

eBook ISBN: Print ISBN:

0-306-48134-0 1-4020-1337-X

©2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Print ©2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: and Kluwer's eBookstore at:

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That which renders Logic possible is the existence in our minds of general notions, — our ability to conceive of a class, and to designate its individual members by a common name...A successful attempt to express logical propositions by symbols...should be founded upon the laws of the mental processes which they represent... — George Boole, A Mathematical Analysis of Logic, 1847

No description of...mental processes which precede the forming of a judgement of number...can ever take the place of a genuine definition of the concept. It can never be adduced in proof of any proposition of arithmetic; it acquaints us with none of the properties of numbers. For number is no whit more an object of psychology or a product of mental processes than, let us say, the North Sea is. The objectivity of the North Sea is not affected by the fact that it is a matter of our arbitrary choice which part of all the water on the earth’s surface we mark off and elect to call the “North Sea”. This is no reason for deciding to investigate the North Sea by psychological methods. — Gottlob Frege, Grundlagen der Arithmetik, 1884

CONTENTS

PREFACE

ix

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

xiii

INTRODUCTION: PSYCHOLOGISM THE PHILOSOPHICAL SHIBBOLETH Dale Jacquette PSYCHOLOGISM IN LOGIC: BACON TO BOLZANO Rolf George

1 21

BETWEEN LEIBNIZ AND MILL: KANT’S LOGIC AND THE RHETORIC OF PSYCHOLOGISM Carl Posy

51

PSYCHOLOGISM AND NON-CLASSICAL APPROACHES IN TRADITIONAL LOGIC Werner Stelzner

81

THE CONCEPT OF ‘PSYCHOLOGISM’ IN FREGE AND HUSSERL J.N. Mohanty

113

PSYCHOLOGISM AND SOC