Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) and Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Surrounding an Environmental Protection Zone in
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MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY
Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) and Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Surrounding an Environmental Protection Zone in the Metropolitan Region of Natal: Use of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Bulbs in Entomological Surveillance MMM SILVA1, CLS INÁCIO1, MPG PINHEIRO1,2, MFFM XIMENES1,3 1
Lab de Pesquisa em Entomologia, Centro de Biociências, Univ Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brasil Prefeitura do Natal, Secretaria Municipal de Educação, Natal, RN, Brasil 3 Depto de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Biociências, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brasil 2
Keywords Sand flies, culicids, color light, diversity, abundance Correspondence MFFM Ximenes, Depto de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Biociências, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brasil; [email protected] Edited by Rodrigo Gurgel Gonçalves – UnB Received 7 April 2020 and accepted 10 July 2020 * Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 2020
Abstract Entomological surveillance is very important for parasite and arbovirus vector control programs. Light traps with incandescent bulbs are used to attract insects and analyze the factors that contribute to the occurrence of species surrounding an environmental protection zone. Phlebotomine and mosquito abundance and their diversity were analyzed. Captures occurred monthly using six CDC light traps with two incandescent bulbs, two blue and two red LED lights. A total of 2211 phlebotomines of seven species and 4486 mosquitoes belonging to 20 taxa were captured. Different phlebotomine and mosquito species were found in the forest and peridomestic environments, with a predominance of the sand fly Evandromyia walkeri (Newstead) and the mosquito Coquillettidia venezuelensis (Theobald). There was a significant difference in the abundance of sand flies captured with the three bulbs tested, the blue bulb being the most efficient. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index showed that the trap equipped with a red LED light obtained a higher value than that of the blue LED and incandescent bulb. Analyses showed that the potential vectors and non-vectors of the two groups circulate between the forest and the peridomestic environment, suggesting an adaptation process of species to the altered environment. An incandescent light bulb can be substituted by an LED bulb, without compromising the sensitivity of the method. A blue LED is indicated for the abundant capture of mosquitoes and sand flies, while a red LED obtains a better result in terms of species diversity per capture.
Introduction Research in environmental protection areas, such as parks, reserves, or protection zones, broadens knowledge of the biology, ecology, and diversity of insect vectors. In general, LED lights with maximum spectral emission peaks in the yellow/orange region seem to attract fewer insects, whereas incandescent lights attract more flies and can interfere in the ecological processes, interrupt circadian rhythms, and
increase human exposure to insect vectors (Longcore et al 2015, Poiani et al 2015, Justice & Justice 2016). Phlebotomin
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