Phosphorus-Containing Poly(Arylene Ether)S as Second Order Nonlinear Optical Materials
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DUANE B. PRIDDY, JR.1,C.Y. STACEY FU 2 , TIMOTHY L. PICKERING 1 , HILARY S. LACKRITZ 2 , AND JAMES E. MCGRAT1tI* 1 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Chemistry and NSF Science and Technology Center: High Performance Polymeric Adhesives, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0344 2 Purdue University, School of Chemical Engineering, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1283 * To whom correspondence should be addressed ABSTRACT Poly(arylene ether)s can be designed to be amorphous, optically clear materials with excellent hydrolytic and thermal stability as well as good electrical, mechanical and fire resistant properties. As a result, the use of these macromolecules in second order nonlinear optical (NLO) applications are being investigated. Typically, polymeric systems with doped chromophores result in a signigicant decrease in Tg. Methods were investigated to functionalize the polymer backbone with NLO chromophores, resulting in increased Tg. INTRODUCTION Poly(arylene ether) macromolecules I have received considerable attention over the last two decades due to their excellent mechanical properties, as well as their hydrolytic, thermal, and dimensional stability [1].
Furthermore, this class of macromolecules offers a wide range of glass transition temperatures depending upon the structure of the wide variety of available backbone units. In structure 1, the connecting unit, Y, is usually a sulfone, ketone, or phosphine oxide. The materials of interest for second order nonlinear optics (NLO) applications are high Tg, highly transparent poly(arylene ether phosphine oxide)s (PEPO). They are synthesized by nucleophilic aromatic substitution step polymerization of bis(4,4'-fluorophenyl)phenyl phosphine oxide (BFPPO) with various bisphenols. Interest in NLO has increased tremendously in recent years due to data transmission needs of the computer age as well as the high-bandwidth optical switching needed in the telecommunications industry. Sophisticated laser tools are in constant demand which has necessitated research to find new methods that enable individual laser pulses to perform specific functions or be readily detected in complex environments. NLO involves the interactions of electromagnetic fields in various media to produce new fields altered in phase, frequency, amplitude, or other propagation characteristics from the incident fields. Excellent reviews in this area have already been reported [2-6]. In this study, the synthesis and characterization of PEPO made using phenolphthalein and its aminated derivatives is discussed (Scheme 2). The combination of phosphorus and pendant heterocyclic moieties in the polymer backbone has resulted in new heat resistant transparent macromolecules that would be excellent host materials for second order NLO applications. Both dipolar interaction and chemical derivatation of these materials with a range of chromophores is possible. The remainder of this work describes the initial synthesis and characterization studies. 589 Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 328. ©1994 Material
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