Photocatalytic H 2 production on TiO 2 with tuned phase structure via controlling the phase transformation
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Qian Xu State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; and Division of Solar Energy, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
Ruifeng Chong State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Division of Solar Energy, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China; and Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Can Lia) State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; and Division of Solar Energy, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China (Received 3 May 2012; accepted 1 August 2012)
A series of TiO2 samples were prepared from the precursor P25 using impregnation method followed by a calcination. The phase compositions of the samples were controlled by addition of various additives, including NaNO3, NaHCO3, Na2SO4, Na3PO4, Na2SiO3, and Na2MoO4. X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrate that the phase transformation from anatase to rutile can be suppressed to a different extent by these additives. Photocatalytic H2 production reactions were performed in methanol aqueous solution. The catalysts, with the addition of NaNO3, NaHCO3, and Na2SO4, show a great improvement in the H2 production activity, while others show a negative effect. This indicates that both the phase structure and the properties of the additives are important for the photocatalytic activity. Infrared spectra of pyridine adsorption on the catalysts reveal that the decreased acidity of the samples may be responsible for the suppressed CO production in the photocatalytic methanol reforming.
I. INTRODUCTION
Efficient production of H2 is proposed to be one of the ideal routes for development of sustainable and clean energy. However, about 95% of the hydrogen production nowadays is from fossil fuels such as natural gas and coal, mainly by steam reforming,1 which consumes large amounts of additional energy. One of the promising alternative routes of hydrogen generation from clean and renewable energy sources is the photocatalytic hydrogen production using semiconductor catalysts. Among the semiconductor materials, TiO2 is one of the most commonly investigated metal oxides. Being cheap, innocuity, environmental friendly, TiO2 has been widely used as a pigment in sunscreens, paints, ointments, a)
Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] This author was an editor of this focus issue during the review and decision stage. For the JMR policy on review and publication of manuscripts authored by editors, please refer to http://www.mrs. org/jmr-editor-manuscripts/ DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2012.274 394
J. Mater. Res., Vol. 28, No. 3, Feb 14, 2013
http://journals.cambridge.org
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toothpaste, and catalysts.2 In the recent few decades, TiO2 as the most famous photocatalyst has received extensive attention.
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