Photoelectrochemical performance of TiO 2 nanotube arrays by in situ decoration with different initial states
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Rare Met. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-019-01363-7
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Photoelectrochemical performance of TiO2 nanotube arrays by in situ decoration with different initial states Fan Li* , Chun-Lai Wang, Sheng Ding, Kun Yang, Chang-Jun Liu, Feng Tian
Received: 8 August 2018 / Revised: 25 November 2018 / Accepted: 15 December 2019 Ó The Nonferrous Metals Society of China and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Here, carbon dots (CDs) only or nanocomposites of CDs and TiO2 (CDs–TiO2) were used to decorate titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TiO2NTs) in situ by solvothermal method. Two initial states of TiO2NTs were prepared for contrast, including the amorphous TiO2NTs (TiO2NTs-0) just experienced anodic oxidation process and that further calcined TiO2NTs (TiO2NTs-450). It was found that the newborn CDs or CDs–TiO2 were more likely to anchor on TiO2NTs-0 than the calcined TiO2NTs-450, and more Ti–C bonds were found in the composites which were derived from TiO2NTs-0 after the solvothermal treatment. An evident photocurrent could be demonstrated for either CDs or CDs–TiO2 decorated TiO2NTs once exposed to visible light. And CDs–TiO2NTs-0 showed the highest photocurrent density (4.51 lAcm-2). However, the results of photodegradation measurements revealed that CDs–TiO2 decorated TiO2NTs with different initial states (especially CDs–TiO2–TiO2NTs-0) showed more excellent photocatalytic activity under both ultraviolet (UV) and visible light illumination. Keywords Titanium dioxide nanotube arrays; Carbon dots; Solvothermal technique; Photocatalysis
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-019-01363-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. F. Li*, C.-L. Wang, S. Ding, K. Yang, C.-J. Liu, F. Tian Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300161, China e-mail: [email protected]
1 Introduction Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nowadays has been widely used as one of the most promising photocatalysts due to its exceptional characteristics such as high chemical stability, cost-effectiveness, low toxicity and high photocatalytic performance [1]. But the large band gap (anatase: 3.2 eV, rutile: 3.0 eV) and high recombination rate of photogenerated electron–hole pairs are two major drawbacks of pure TiO2 which limits its applicability. Great efforts [2–17] have been carried out in order to design visible light response photocatalysts. Besides the modifications on surface defect [2], phase structure, crystallinity or morphology of TiO2, the doping processes [5–7, 18–21] had been extensively explored and often proved to be useful in activating the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 in visible light region, especially when some carbon materials were chosen as dopants [20–23]. In recent years, carbon dots (CDs), a new fluorescent nanomaterial possessing flexible preparation routines, extended absorption, controllable photoluminescence and electron donor and acceptor
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