Photonuclear production of medically relevant radionuclide 47 Sc
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Photonuclear production of medically relevant radionuclide 47Sc Ramiz A. Aliev1,2 · Sergey S. Belyshev3 · Ekaterina B. Furkina1,2 · Vadim V. Khankin4 · Alexander A. Kuznetsov3,4 · Leonid Z. Dzhilavyan5 · Anna B. Priselkova4 · Boris S. Ishkhanov3,4 Received: 17 May 2020 / Accepted: 19 September 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract Formation of Sc radioisotopes under the irradiation of titanium of natural isotopic composition by bremsstrahlung photons with energies up to 55 MeV was studied. The yield of 47Sc is 5·105 Bq/μA h (g/cm2). Inevitable impurities are 46Sc and 48Sc (1.5% and 9.1% of 47Sc radioactivity at EOB, respectively). 47Sc was separated by extraction chromatography on a DGA resin in HNO3 and HCl media. The separation procedure takes about 2 h, the radiochemical efficiency was > 97%. The result was compared with other photonuclear experiments on titanium nuclei. It is shown that the photonuclear method can be used for the production of therapeutic amounts of 47Sc. Keywords Scandium-47 · Photonuclear reactions · Radionuclide production · Medical radioisotopes · Extraction chromatography
Introduction Due to its optimal half-life (T1/2 = 3.35 days) and soft beta radiation (Eβ(av) = 162 keV), 47Sc is considered as a promising radionuclide for endoradiotherapy. 47Sc also emits soft gamma rays (Eγ = 159 keV, I = 68.3%), suitable for visualization of its distribution in the body, therefore it can be considered as a theranostic radionuclide. Also, it can be used as an isotopic pair together with a positron emitter 44Sc (β+ 94.3%) [1] or 43Sc (β+ 88.1%). The chemical properties of scandium are also favourable for its application in nuclear medicine because of the formation of stable complexes with a wide range of chelators, such as DOTA, DTPA, etc. [2]. * Ramiz A. Aliev [email protected] 1
National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Akademika Kurchatova Pl., 1, Moscow, Russia 123182
2
Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, Russia 119991
3
Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, Russia 119991
4
Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, Russia 119991
5
Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 60th October Anniversary Prospect, 7a, Moscow, Russia 117312
Several ways for 47Sc production are proposed; they are summarized in Fig. 1 and Table 1. A review of the methods for 47 Sc production can be found in [3, 4]. 47 Sc may be obtained by irradiation of 46Ca by thermal neutrons according to the reaction 46Ca(n,γ)47Ca → 47Sc. Cross section of this process is 0.74 barn. Irradiating a 46Ca target (1 mg of metal mass, 31.7% enrichment of 46Ca) for 3.94 days in the high-flux reactor of Institut Laue-Langevin in Grenoble (thermal neutron flux of 1.5·1015 cm−2 s−1) it was obtained about 1.8 GBq of 47Ca and 0.6 GBq of 47Sc at the end of irradiation. 47Ca decays to 47Sc, with a half-life of 4.54 days. This allowed
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