Phylogenetics and taxonomy of Telimenaceae (Phyllachorales) from Central America
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Phylogenetics and taxonomy of Telimenaceae (Phyllachorales) from Central America M. Mardones 1,2
&
T. Trampe-Jaschik 2 & M. Piepenbring 2
Received: 24 September 2020 / Revised: 6 November 2020 / Accepted: 11 November 2020 # German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Since the circumscription of the genera Phyllachora and Telimena has been emended, several neotropical nongraminicolous species of Phyllachora have been transferred to Telimena, and several species of Telimena have been newly described. In order to better understand the species diversity and taxonomy of neotropical tar spot fungi, symptomatic leaves of non-graminicolous hosts of Trichilia sp. (Meliaceae) and Acalypha spp. (Euphorbiaceae) were collected in Costa Rica and Panama. Telimena trichiliae is newly described from Panama and Phyllachora acalyphae, Ph. Pichinchae, and Ph. balansae are newly combined into Telimena. Detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided. New synonyms and records of Telimena are also presented, together with new morphological, host plant, and molecular data. We also present a revision and a dichotomous key for neotropical tar spot fungi on the host family Meliaceae. Keywords Acalypha . Costa Rica . Euphorbiaceae . Meliaceae . Panama . Telimena . Tropical tar spot fungi . One new species . Three new combinations
Introduction Members of Phyllachorales (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) are typically host-specific, biotrophic, and obligate plant parasitic fungi with high host specificity that cause diseases on plants mainly in tropical regions (Piepenbring et al. 2011). Species of Phyllachorales cause inconspicuous, moderate, or strong infections on living leaves or stems, which can be seen as blackened stromata of various shapes. The identification of phyllachoraceous species was previously based on the host plant and morphology and is only recently beginning to be reassessed using DNA Section Editor: Hans-Josef Schroers * M. Mardones [email protected] 1
Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Montes de Oca, San José 11501, Costa Rica
2
Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Faculty of Biosciences, Biologicum, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
sequence data. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed new insights on relationships within Phyllachorales. Phyllachora Nitschke ex Fuckel and Phyllachoraceae are not monophyletic (Trampe 2010; Dos Santos et al. 2016; Dayarathne et al. 2017; Mardones et al. 2017, 2018a), and their circumscription has substantially changed. In the most recent emendation of Phyllachora, the genus was restricted to include species with immersed stromata and reduced pseudostroma, only infecting Poaceae (Mardones et al. 2017). The Telimenaceae has been recently described (Mardones et al. 2017), with the genus Telimena Racib. as type genus. The circumscription of Telimena was widened to include species with immersed strom
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