Physical activity barriers according to social stratification in Europe
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Physical activity barriers according to social stratification in Europe Antonio Moreno-Llamas1 • Jesu´s Garcı´a-Mayor1 • Ernesto De la Cruz-Sa´nchez1 Received: 19 March 2020 / Revised: 31 July 2020 / Accepted: 20 September 2020 / Published online: 28 September 2020 Ó Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+) 2020
Abstract Objectives To analyse relationships of social stratification on physical activity (PA) prevalence and barriers in the European population. Methods Data were retrieved from Eurobarometer 88.4, a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2017 with 28,031 over 15-year-old inhabitants of the European Union. PA prevalence was calculated along with the probability to be physically inactive by social stratification. Logistic regressions were run in the inactive population to show the social class effect on each barrier adjusted by sociodemographic factors employing a propensity score matched method. Results Low social class presented higher inactivity prevalence (43.11%), whilst the high social class reported the lowest prevalence (23.30%). Also, the low (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.47–0.58) and middle (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.64–0.79) social classes were less likely to be active compared to high social class. In the inactive population, the low social class had mostly higher odds to report each barrier. Conclusions Social class is a relevant factor for low PA, with more barriers in the lower social classes. Public health institutions should implement strategies on more influential PA barriers and disadvantaged social groups. Keywords Physical activity Barriers Social determinants Social class Lifestyle
Introduction Physical activity (PA) practice has been demonstrated have benefits for population health (Rhodes et al. 2010; Hallal et al. 2012; Kohl et al. 2012; Wilmot et al. 2012). Thus, the World Health Organization (WHO) established global PA recommendations in order to assess, monitor, and promote an active lifestyle in the overall population (World Health Organization 2010). Nonetheless, worldwide PA prevalence—the population proportion that meets the WHO’s
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01488-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Ernesto De la Cruz-Sa´nchez [email protected] Antonio Moreno-Llamas [email protected] Jesu´s Garcı´a-Mayor [email protected] 1
University of Murcia, San Javier Campus, C/Santa Alicia s/n, 30720 Santiago de la Ribera, Murcia, Spain
PA recommendations—is widely heterogeneous and has diminished across the years: in 2010, 23% of adults aged 18–65 were considered inactive (Rhodes et al. 2010; Guthold et al. 2018); in 2016, the inactivity prevalence continues to rise, and the 27.5% of adults worldwide were classified as inactive. Because of this, physical inactivity has been declared a global pandemic and a serious public health issue worldwide (Kohl et al. 2012; Guthold et al. 2018). Lifestyle behaviours, such as PA, could be influenced by attributes such
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