Physical, Mechanical, and Dry Sliding Wear Properties of Fe-Cr-W-C Hardfacing Alloys Under Different Tungsten Addition
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INTRODUCTION
HARDFACING is an engineering technology to improve surface properties without changing the bulk properties of the components. Here, Fe-based hardfacing alloys with specific content of carbon and carbideforming elements exhibit microstructures composed of high volume fraction of extremely hard carbides. These compounds are widely used for wear resistant applications mentioned by Pero-Sanz et al.[1] This process is significant for industries such as mining and metallurgy where high wear and abrasion resistance are required. The investigations of Lu et al.[2] and Kuo et al.[3] on Fe-Cr-C alloy microstructures showed that these materials have hypoeutectic, eutectic, and hypereutectic structures. Chang et al.[4] demonstrated that M7C3 primary carbides form in large amounts at higher carbon contents and that these types of microstructures show a desirable wear behavior. In addition, M7C3 and M23C6 carbides are well known for their excellent combination of high hardness and wear resistance. So, they have been widely used as a reinforcing phase in the composite coatings (large and hard carbides in a softer body center cubic Cr-Fe alloy matrix) that do not cause any decrease in toughness of the substrate. The presence of other hard carbides such as tungsten carbide can promote these properties. A wide variety of methods are available to produce a hard coating layer including physical and chemical vapor deposition (PVD and CVD), laser cladding used MAHDI HAJIHASHEMI, MSc Student, and MORTEZA SHAMANIAN, Full Professor, are with the Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), Isfahan 8415683111, Iran. Contact e-mail: [email protected] GHASEM AZIMI, PhD student, is with the Educational Workshop Center, Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), Isfahan 8415683111, Iran. Manuscript submitted July 16, 2014. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
by Neves et al.[5] etc. Thermal spray process often enhances the surface properties of treated component effectively. However, the disadvantages of this process are the micro-voids and micro-cracks, which can cause early component failure mentioned by Mateos et al.[6] Therefore, the application of thermal spray process is limited due to these drawbacks. Recently, gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process has been developed as a surface modification technology. According to the studies conducted by of Xu et al.,[7] this process has some advantages such as: easy operation, low cost and strong metallurgical bonding between clad layer and substrate, good appearance, and higher quality of the weld. Therefore, this technology is mainly used for surface cladding and modification treatments such as research on surface alloying of ductile iron conducted by Shamanian et al.[8] and study of wear behavior of stellite 6 claddings carried out by Gholipour et al.[9] Tungsten carbide (WC) particles with high hardness (HV0.1 = 2200 to 2800), low coefficient of thermal expansion, moderate plasticity, and good wettability by the ferrous melts (lacking surface
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