Physics and Technology of Amorphous-Crystalline Heterostructure Silicon Solar Cells
The challenge of developing photovoltaic (PV) technology to a cost-competitive alternative for established energy sources can be achieved using simple, high-throughput mass-production compatible processes. Issues to be addressed for large scale PV deploym
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Wilfried G.J.H.M. van Sark · Lars Korte Francesco Roca (Eds.)
Physics and Technology of Amorphous-Crystalline Heterostructure Silicon Solar Cells
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Dr. Wilfried G.J.H.M. van Sark Utrecht University Copernicus Institute Science Technology and Society Budapestlaan 6 3584 CD Utrecht The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Lars Korte Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Inst. Silizium-Photovoltaik Kekuléstraße 5 12489 Berlin Germany E-mail: [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-22274-0
Dr. Francesco Roca ENEA - Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile Unità Tecnologie Portici, Localitá Granatello P. le E. Fermi 80055 Portici Napoli Italy E-mail: [email protected]
e-ISBN 978-3-642-22275-7
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-22275-7 Engineering Materials
ISSN 1612-1317
Library of Congress Control Number: 2011934499 c 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typeset & Cover Design: Scientific Publishing Services Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, India. Printed on acid-free paper 987654321 springer.com
Preface
The development of hydrogenated amorphous (a-Si:H) / crystalline silicon (c-Si) heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells has recently accelerated tremendously. This is not just triggered by the recent expiration of core patents of Sanyo Electric Company, but most of all due to the high efficiency that has been proven to be achievable in practice (being close to the theoretical limit for c-Si) and the very advanced architectures that can be realized with this technology, such as fully back contacted solar cells with very thin wafers. The low temperature processing and reduction of materials resources is bringing grid parity rapidly within reach, even in countries with little solar irradiation, and this way of processing is highly cost competitive with the ‘classic’ c-Si solar cells with diffusion processed junctions. SHJ photovoltaic technology merges the best of the worlds of both high efficiency crystalline silicon technology and thin film technology. Institutes and companies entering this field have found that high conversion efficiencies can quickly be accomplished based on the nearly complete elimination of surface defect
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