Phytochemicals Plus Checkpoint Inhibitors in GI Cancers
Malignant cancer is yet one of the overwhelming reasons for mortality and morbidity in the world. Previous literature indicates that a higher intake of fruit and vegetables is correlated with a lower incidence of various types of cancers. The predominant
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hytochemicals Targeting Tumor Microenvironment in Gastrointestinal Cancers
Phytochemicals Targeting Tumor Microenvironment in Gastrointestinal Cancers
Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju Editor
Phytochemicals Targeting Tumor Microenvironment in Gastrointestinal Cancers
Editor Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju Winship Cancer Institute Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
ISBN 978-3-030-48404-0 ISBN 978-3-030-48405-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48405-7
(eBook)
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Preface
Recent studies from global cancer statistics have revealed that gastrointestinal (GI) cancers include esophagus, gastric, pancreas, colorectal, liver, and gallbladder cancers. These cancers collectively depict public health issues in the USA and around the globe. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), GI cancers are reported to have the highest incidence rate and are the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibits increased incidence rate in high-income countries, whereas other cancers like gastric, liver, and esophageal most frequently occur in low-income countries. GI cancers are among the five most common cancers detected in both males and females. The most common risk factor associated with GI cancer is diet. It is clearly elucidated from previous studies that GI cancer incidence is highly correlated with food intake. Other common factors include Helicobacter pylori, gastric ulcers like gastroesophageal reflux disease, smoking, and alcohol. Conventional therapies including surgery
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